Scopus 2024
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Item Metadata only The Grammar of Science: Chance and Magnitude(2024-01-01) Kaewkungwal J.; Kaewkungwal J.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Formulation Development of Serum Beads: Investigating the Influence of Sodium Alginate/Iota Carrageenan Ratio on Bead Characteristics(2024-05-01) Woraphokanunt Y.; Teeranachaideekul V.; Rittiboon A.; Jatupornpipat M.; Woraphokanunt Y.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: To develop cosmetic products by using Ionic gelation techniques as the main technique in the production of serum beads. The purpose of this study is to develop the serum beads recipe by studying the ratio of various types of gelling agents for complete serum beads products. Methodology: Test the ratio of gelling agents in serums that create beads with ionic gelation techniques by Sodium Alginate and Iota-carrageenan which affect the appearance and beads texture after forming. Then compare the concentration of the gelling agent used in the suspension of serum beads that affects the ability to suspend serum beads. In this study, Carbopol® ultrez 20 was selected as the type of gelling agent. Main Results: The most suitable ratio for forming serum beads between Sodium Alginate and Iota-carrageenan is 0.20:0.30. Because the appearance of serum beads is spherical which can be pressed, cracked and spread on the surface easily-moderately, which is the most suitable characteristic for serum beads compared with the other ratios. When the serum beads were suspended inside the Carbopol® ultrez 20 gel at different concentrations and sensory tests, it was found that Carbopol® ultrez 20 at a concentration of 0.70 percent was the most favored. After storing in accelerated conditions to test the stability of the product, it was found that all concentrations of the gelling agent Carbopol® ultrez 20 could make the serum beads suspended and disperse inside the gel, but the viscosity was significantly reduced in each formulation. Conclusions: Conclusion: The ratio of Sodium Alginate and Iota-carrageenan affects the formation and hardness of beads. The most suitable ratio in this study is 0.20:0.30 and the gelling agent Carbopol® ultrez 20 at a concentration of 0. 70 percent is the most suitable choice for using as a suspension gel in the serum bead cosmetic formula. Because it is the most stable and has the least change when stored in accelerated condition for 8 weeks.Item Metadata only The Grammar of Science: It’s All about Trustworthiness of Your Data(2024-07-01) Kaewkungwal J.; Kaewkungwal J.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among Cross Border Migrants in Thailand, 2023: a Mixed-methods Study(2024-10-01) Sikhiwat N.; Rajsiri K.; Nunes J.; Uansri S.; Panapong N.; Kunpeuk W.; Adhibai R.; Wongsuwanphon S.; Suphanchaimat R.; Sikhiwat N.; Mahidol UniversityDepression is a significant global health issue, and migrants often face barriers to mental health care, resulting in undiagnosed depressive symptoms. Thailand accommodates many cross-border migrants from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar (CLM), yet little is known about depressive symptoms in these populations. This study aims to address this gap. A mixed-methods study was therefore conducted to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and determine associated factors. Quantitative data were collected via a paper-based questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Of the 431 participants, who were mostly female (73.3%) and from Myanmar (97.9%), the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.9%. Having public insurance (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13– 0.43) and being employed (AOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.57) were significant protective factors. Alcohol consumption showed no association with depression. Qualitative findings reinforced the protective role of public insurance and highlighted employment as a critical factor in mental well-being. These results underscore a notable prevalence of depressive symptoms among CLM migrants, emphasizing the need for health policies that increase access to mental health care and support for this population. Further research should explore broader mental health factors among migrants to guide comprehensive policy development.Item Metadata only The Grammar of Science: Good Design of Data Collection Form—a Must-do(2024-04-01) Kaewkungwal J.; Kaewkungwal J.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only THE SECOND RECORD OF A FIRETHROAT CALLIOPE PECTARDENS IN THAILAND(2024-01-01) Round P.; Jearwattanakanok A.; Walser-Schwyzer P.; Khudamrongsawat J.; Round P.; Mahidol UniversityThe second record of an apparently over-wintering Firethroat Calliope pectardens (Muscicapidae) in northern Thailand, a female, caught and ringed following its discovery, is documented. Reference is made to a previous Thai record of the Firethroat’s sister species, the Blackthroat C. obscura. Since the females of both species are very similar, the identity of the present individual was confirmed both by examination in the hand and by DNA assay. The importance of maintaining marginal lowland habitats, such as scrub and reeds along the banks of lowland watercourses and around field margins, so as to maintain biodiversity in intensively agricultural lowland landscapes, is discussed.Item Metadata only Lasers for the Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders(2024-01-01) Lizarondo F.P.J.; Manuskiatti W.; Lizarondo F.P.J.; Mahidol UniversityPigmentary disorders of the skin are a heterogenous complex set of skin diseases that share a common pathology of increased melanin deposition. While most of these disorders can be treated with topical agents and surgery, lasers and energy-based devices (EBDs) have emerged as a preferred treatment modality. Lasers have become the gold standard in treating nevus of Ota and acquired nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOMs) or Hori nevus. Lasers that are pigment specific primarily work by targeting the chromophore melanin contained in the melanosomes. Since these structures are small and have very short thermal relaxation times, lasers with pulse durations in the nanosecond and picosecond range are ideal for minimally invasive pigment removal.Item Metadata only Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Board Review, 1st Edition(2024-01-01) Thammongkolchai T.; Termsarasab P.; Katirji B.; Preston D.C.; Thammongkolchai T.; Mahidol UniversityThe only review book currently available in this complex field, Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Board Review is an all-in-one, must-have resource for preparing for the neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine, neurology, clinical neurophysiology and physical medicine and rehabilitation board exams. Focused, high-yield content is provided in a concise, readable manner without exhaustive or unnecessary detail, helping you make the most of your study time and efficiently prepare for exams and clinical practice.Item Metadata only Can the International Court of Justice Shape Global Climate Action Through Law, Authority, and Accountability?(2024-07-01) Novita A.; Lestari E.; Sanni T.; Min Z.; Arifin R.; Srisawat K.; Novita A.; Mahidol UniversityClimate change presents an unprecedented challenge to the international legal order, raising urgent questions about responsibility, compliance, and enforcement. This article examines whether the International Court of Justice (ICJ) can meaningfully shape global climate action through its legal authority and judicial functions. It analyzes the Court’s potential role in clarifying states’ obligations under international law, particularly in relation to environmental protection, human rights, and the principle of due diligence. By assessing both contentious cases and advisory opinions, the article explores how the ICJ may influence state behavior even in the absence of direct enforcement mechanisms. The study situates the ICJ within the broader framework of international climate governance, including treaties such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. It evaluates how the Court's interpretations of customary international law, state responsibility, and transboundary harm could contribute to greater legal accountability for climate-related conduct. Particular attention is given to the growing momentum behind climate litigation and recent initiatives seeking advisory opinions on states' climate obligations. While acknowledging institutional limitations-such as jurisdictional constraints, state consent, and political resistance the article argues that the ICJ possesses significant normative power. Its judgments and opinions can shape legal discourse, influence domestic courts, and strengthen the legitimacy of climate obligations under international law. Ultimately, the article contends that the ICJ can play a transformative, though indirect, role in global climate action by reinforcing legal standards, enhancing accountability, and contributing to the development of a coherent international response to climate change.Item Metadata only Analyzing Security and Privacy Risks in Android Video Game Applications(2024-01-01) Phaenthong R.; Ngamsuriyaroj S.; Phaenthong R.; Mahidol UniversityIn today’s world, where smartphones are nearly universal and their user base is growing rapidly, the security and privacy of users have become paramount concerns. This paper investigates the risks related to security and privacy in video game applications, which have seen a surge in popularity. Our extensive study involves the detailed analysis of most popular 400 free Android games from the Google Play Store in the Thailand region which spread across action, role-playing, simulation, and strategy genres. We conducted an in-depth static and dynamic analysis focusing on aspects such as malware detection, permission requests, thirdparty tracking, and security of server connections. Our work uncovers the existence of potential malware, incorporation of third-party trackers in apps, discrepancies in permission requests, inconsistencies between third-party tracker identification between static and dynamic analysis, and possibly malicious connections. The insights from this study are intended to assist game developers and end-users to be aware of the security and privacy standards of their games.Item Metadata only Parental Absence, Family Environment, and Adolescents’ School Performance: Evidence from the Three Southernmost Provinces of Thailand1(2024-12-01) Jampaklay A.; Lucktong A.; Vapattanawong P.; Tangchonlatip K.; Yakoh K.; Chamratrithirong A.; Ford K.; Jampaklay A.; Mahidol UniversityThe impact of parental absence on children remains inconclusive and needs more contextualized research. This analysis examines the impact of parental absence on adolescents’ school performance and whether the impact can be explained by the family environment. The outcome is measured using adolescents’ assessment of their school performance compared with their classmates. The parent-adolescent living arrangement is classified as the adolescents living with both parents, with only the mother, and without the mother. We measure family environment using the family function (APGAR), parental/carer monitoring, and the parent-adolescent relationship. We used data from a household survey conducted in 2021 in Thailand’s three southernmost provinces where migration of young people to Malaysia is common. The sample includes 358 adolescents aged 13–17 years old and currently in school. Findings show significant negative though indirect impacts of maternal absence on the adolescents’ school performance. Also, the significant impact of maternal absence is mediated by the family environment, particularly family function. Significant evidence of the effect of family environment on adolescents’ academic outcome, net of the parent-adolescent living arrangements particularly parent/carer monitoring, is highlighted.Item Metadata only IMPACT OF BASIN AMPLIFICATION FACTORS ON THE PSHA ANALYSIS IN THE CHIANG MAI BASIN (THAILAND)(2024-01-01) Ornthammarath T.; Warnitchai P.; Poovarodom N.; Ornthammarath T.; Mahidol UniversityWe evaluate a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for the Chiang Mai basin (Thailand), to assess the impact of site response characterization on hazard estimates. The effect of a basin amplification factor introduced in NGA West 2 ground motion models (GMMs) is presented based on the available shear wave velocity profile from microtremor measurement. In addition, 1D amplification related to stratigraphic conditions is considered with the associated uncertainties, and their impact on the hazard is analyzed through a sensitivity analysis. The results provide a good comparison between empirical GMMs and a conventional study, highlighting the importance of ground amplification effects in hazard assessment.Item Metadata only ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF EVACUATION SIGNAGE ON TSUNAMI EVACUATION: A CASE STUDY OF KHAO LAK, THAILAND(2024-01-01) Trumikaborworn N.; Latcharote P.; Warnitchai P.; Trumikaborworn N.; Mahidol UniversityTsunamis pose a significant threat to coastal communities worldwide and necessitate effective evacuation strategies. However, the influence of evacuation signage on tsunami evacuation needs further investigation in existing simulation studies. This research fills this gap by examining how evacuation signage influences the efficiency and effectiveness of tsunami evacuation processes. Our focus is on Khao Lak, Thailand, where the current state of evacuation signage is not adequately maintained. In this study, a case study in Khao Lak, Thailand, is conducted using agent-based modelling and simulation developed on the Unity game engine. A dynamic simulation environment is created, incorporating realistic agent behaviour, individual preferences, and physical interaction. Through the exploration of various scenarios, the influence of different signage following ratios on success rates and casualties is evaluated, taking into account the challenges posed by inadequate maintenance of existing evacuation signage. Through the analysis of simulation results, valuable insights into the role of evacuation signage in improving tsunami evacuation are expected to be gained. These insights will assist urban planners, emergency management authorities, and policy makers in the design and placement of signage systems, contributing to the development of more effective evacuation plans that consider the observed maintenance problems in Khao Lak, Thailand. Additionally, this research will make a contribution to the broader field of agent-based modelling and simulation, demonstrating the applicability of Unity as a powerful platform for studying complex real-world phenomena.Item Metadata only SITE AMPLIFICATIONS OF CHIANG MAI BASIN, THAILAND FROM 1D AND 2D SITE RESPONSE ANALYSIS(2024-01-01) Jirasakjamroonsri A.; Poovarodom N.; Warnitchai P.; Ornthammarath T.; Jirasakjamroonsri A.; Mahidol UniversityChiang Mai, the largest city in northern Thailand and the second largest city in the country after Bangkok. The city is located on a flood plain composed of unconsolidated sediments. The city is occasionally threatened by tremors originating from nearby faults in Thailand and neighboring countries. Although ground motion amplifications have been observed, limited research studies have been conducted to comprehensively understand the seismic mitigation measures required for the area, particularly regarding site effects. This study aims to investigate seismic site effects in Chiang Mai basin and analyze site response in central part of Chiang Mai basin using differences 1-dimensional (1D) soil model. An approximately 140 sites distributed across the center of the basin, covering an area of approximately 1,500 sq.km, were investigated by microtremor observations and 50 sites for site response analysis. The first part, microtremor observations using the Centerless Circular Array (CCA) method was conducted to estimate phase velocity dispersion curves and derive shear wave velocities (Vs) profile through inversion analysis. The findings from this part provide information of average Vs from the surface to 30-m depth (Vs30) and estimated Quaternary sediment thickness. The second part, site response analysis using 1D soil model was involved to examine site amplification. Ground motions obtained from Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment were input as rock outcrop acceleration, and their propagation through the 1D soil models was analyzed using an equivalent linear analysis. From the strong motion database, motions with the same mechanism of occurrence were selected and scaled to match response spectra with the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) at periods of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 seconds, corresponding to a return period of 2475 years. The average spectral accelerations were then used to evaluate the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) design spectrum for each site. Finally, this study presents a comparison between site amplification from 1D and 2D soil models and provides recommendations for site response analysis in irregular basins. This study is expected to significantly contribute to enhancing our understanding of seismic site effects in the Chiang Mai basin. Furthermore, it would provide invaluable insights that can guide the implementation of appropriate measures to effectively mitigate earthquake hazards in the region.Item Metadata only THE EFFECT OF FAR-FIELD EARTHQUAKES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SHALLOW TUNNELS IN STRUCTURED CLAYS(2024-01-01) Cabangon L.T.; Elia G.; Rouainia M.; Keawsawasvong S.; Ornthammarath T.; Cabangon L.T.; Mahidol UniversityFar-field earthquakes are typically characterised by their low peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Arias intensity, having far lower damage potential than near-field signals. In places like Bangkok and Singapore, where known active seismic faults lie at considerable distance, the effects of far-field earthquakes on tunnels are frequently ignored. However, far-field motions have relatively longer duration and a greater probability of containing long-period waves which can result in a higher response in the low-frequency region of the acceleration spectrum. When thick layers of structured clay deposits, such as those found in Bangkok, are subjected to far-field earthquakes, they can significantly amplify a long-period ground motion. This can result in large ground deformations and generate high shear strains, which in turn induce large forces in geotechnical structures such as tunnel linings. In this paper, a set of two-dimensional finite element simulations have been conducted to predict the behaviour of a shallow tunnel built in a thick Bangkok soft clay deposit and subjected to both far-field and near-field earthquake motions. A kinematic hardening model developed for natural clays has been used to capture the essential features of the dynamic soil behaviour. The results clearly demonstrate that, despite having less intensity, a far-field, long-period, long-duration earthquake can induce equally destructive forces in the tunnel lining as those generated by a strong, near-field, short-duration motion. This highlights the importance of considering the effects of far-field earthquakes in designing seismic-resistant shallow tunnels in soft clays and reduce the risk of geotechnical infrastructure systems.Item Metadata only SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF BUILDINGS DAMAGED BY THE 2014 NORTHERN THAILAND EARTHQUAKE(2024-01-01) Ornthammarath T.; Chua C.T.; Foytong P.; Suppasri A.; Ornthammarath T.; Mahidol UniversityOn 5 May 2014, a 6.1-Mw earthquake struck the Mae Lao region in Thailand and resulted in the evacuation of all public structures in the epicentral area due to varying degrees of structural and nonstructural damage. This study reports the damage sustained by public buildings in the epicentral area based on postseismic surveys and data gathered from the local official database. Using these damage observations, fragility functions are then derived for public buildings, that is, temples and community health centers, and compared with fragility functions developed for residential buildings damaged in the same area. This earthquake provided several important lessons related to nonstructural damage to local community health centers and temples within the epicentral region. The failure of nonstructural components could lead to serious injuries and casualties. This study has also shown that poor seismic performance of local temples could be expected with moderate ground shaking. Findings in this study could be useful for developing appropriate strategies to ensure safety of local communities for moderate earthquakes for similar structures within the Indochina region in the future.Item Metadata only RAPID STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS SUBJECT TO EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION: THE CASE STUDY OF CHIANG MAI AND CHIANG RAI(2024-01-01) Warnitchai P.; Poovarodom N.; Ornthammarath T.; Warnitchai P.; Mahidol UniversityIn the current research project, three work packages have been adopted. Firstly, ambient vibration measurements have been performed in a number of buildings in order to obtain the building's dynamic properties. Secondly, Finite Element Models have been created in order to check the inelastic properties of selected buildings for different earthquake hazard levels. Finally, a long-term structural health monitoring system using low-cost sensors will be adopted in order to monitor and validate the response of critical infrastructure as well as inform local staff and building occupants of earthquake impact in real-time warning..Item Metadata only Genomic alteration in sporadic adolescent and young adult-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma.(2024-01-20) Korphaisarn K.; Sakornsakolpat P.; Pongpaibul A.; Roothumnong E.; Thongnoppakhun W.; Akewanlop C.; Pithukpakorn M.; Korphaisarn K.; Mahidol University154Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing in adults younger than 50 years. This study evaluated genomic alteration in adolescent and young adult (AYA)-onset sporadic CRC patients who aged between 15 and 39 years. Methods: DNA from 90 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples that histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma with proficient mismatch repair tumors at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) were extracted. Patients who clinically suspected familial adenomatous polyposis were excluded. Gene mutational analysis was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using an Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) and compared with previous reported molecular data in adult-onset CRC from our group. Results: The top 5 mutations frequency observed were TP53, KRAS, FBXW7, PIK3CA, and SMAD4 mutations which were comparable to what reported in adult-onset CRC. However, FBXW7, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, FGFR3, ERBB2, and PTEN were reported more frequent in AYA group. No difference in number of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations among 2 groups. Table below shows key cancer genes mutation frequencies. Conclusions: This study is the comprehensive report hotspot mutations using NGS in sporadic AYA-onset sporadic CRC patients. The most commonly identified gene mutation frequencies among AYA-onset were similar to those reported in adult-onset, except for FBXW7, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, FGFR3, ERBB2, and PTEN mutations that had a slightly higher frequency. Further studies on larger sample set for genetic and epigenetic landscape are required. [Table presented]Item Metadata only Revitalizing the state of primary healthcare towards achieving universal health coverage in conflict affected fragile northeastern Nigeria: Challenges, strategies and way forward(2024-12-01) Musa S.S.; Ibrahim A.M.; Ogbodum M.U.; Haruna U.A.; Gololo A.A.; Abdulkadir A.K.; Ukaegbu E.; Agyapong J.; Shallangwa M.M.; Adamu N.A.; Muhammad B.A.; Lucero-Prisno D.E.; Musa S.S.; Mahidol UniversityThe Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 defined primary healthcare as a critical way to obtain universal health care and 'health for all.' In Nigeria, the National Health Policy (NHP) and the subsequent formation of the Primary Health Care (PHC) system aim to modernize healthcare delivery, at the grassroots level. In recent decades, however, the status of primary healthcare in Nigeria, particularly in the northeastern region, has significantly deteriorated, further posing significant threats to health equity and universal access to healthcare. Armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, insufficient finance, inadequate infrastructure, and labor shortages have negatively impacted the region's PHC facilities. This article discusses the poor state of primary healthcare in northeastern Nigeria and its implications for achieving universal health coverage in the region. In addition, the article elaborates on the historical context, highlights the difficulties and challenges in the development of primary healthcare, and explores potential solutions to improve the system.Item Metadata only Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria through the adoption of advanced technologies(2024-12-01) Umar A.B.; Sani S.K.; Aliyu L.J.; Hassan M.; Imam M.; Haruna U.A.; Ibrahim A.M.; Lucero-Prisno D.E.; Umar A.B.; Mahidol UniversityEnhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria by adopting advanced technologies holds substantial promise for improving healthcare accessibility, quality, and efficiency. Primary healthcare focuses on community-based, essential care that is practical, socially acceptable, and affordable. Despite efforts to improve healthcare delivery, challenges persist, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The aim of this study was to explore the transformative potential of technologies such as telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs), health information systems (HIS), artificial intelligence (AI), and medical drones in addressing these challenges. Telemedicine facilitates access to healthcare in remote areas by overcoming geographical barriers. EHRs streamline administrative and clinical processes, enhancing patient care and safety. HIS improves data management, patient safety, and provider communication. AI revolutionizes diagnostics, treatment personalization, and operational efficiency. Medical drones offer innovative solutions for delivering medical supplies to remote locations. The paper also addresses the challenges associated with these technologies, including infrastructure limitations, regulatory issues, and data privacy concerns. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, developing regulatory frameworks, building capacity, fostering public-private partnerships, engaging communities, and implementing robust data security measures. By addressing these recommendations, Nigeria can leverage advanced technologies to enhance healthcare delivery and achieve better health outcomes.