An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron

dc.contributor.authorCao Z.
dc.contributor.authorAharonian F.
dc.contributor.authorAn Q.
dc.contributor.authorAxikegu
dc.contributor.authorBai Y.X.
dc.contributor.authorBao Y.W.
dc.contributor.authorBastieri D.
dc.contributor.authorBi X.J.
dc.contributor.authorBi Y.J.
dc.contributor.authorCai J.T.
dc.contributor.authorCao Q.
dc.contributor.authorCao W.Y.
dc.contributor.authorCao Z.
dc.contributor.authorChang J.
dc.contributor.authorChang J.F.
dc.contributor.authorChen A.M.
dc.contributor.authorChen E.S.
dc.contributor.authorChen L.
dc.contributor.authorChen L.
dc.contributor.authorChen L.
dc.contributor.authorChen M.J.
dc.contributor.authorChen M.L.
dc.contributor.authorChen Q.H.
dc.contributor.authorChen S.H.
dc.contributor.authorChen S.Z.
dc.contributor.authorChen T.L.
dc.contributor.authorChen Y.
dc.contributor.authorCheng N.
dc.contributor.authorCheng Y.D.
dc.contributor.authorCui M.Y.
dc.contributor.authorCui S.W.
dc.contributor.authorCui X.H.
dc.contributor.authorCui Y.D.
dc.contributor.authorDai B.Z.
dc.contributor.authorDai H.L.
dc.contributor.authorDai Z.G.
dc.contributor.authorDanzengluobu
dc.contributor.authordella Volpe D.
dc.contributor.authorDong X.Q.
dc.contributor.authorDuan K.K.
dc.contributor.authorFan J.H.
dc.contributor.authorFan Y.Z.
dc.contributor.authorFang J.
dc.contributor.authorFang K.
dc.contributor.authorFeng C.F.
dc.contributor.authorFeng L.
dc.contributor.authorFeng S.H.
dc.contributor.authorFeng X.T.
dc.contributor.authorFeng Y.L.
dc.contributor.authorGabici S.
dc.contributor.authorGao B.
dc.contributor.authorGao C.D.
dc.contributor.authorGao L.Q.
dc.contributor.authorGao Q.
dc.contributor.authorGao W.
dc.contributor.authorGao W.K.
dc.contributor.authorGe M.M.
dc.contributor.authorGeng L.S.
dc.contributor.authorGiacinti G.
dc.contributor.authorGong G.H.
dc.contributor.authorGou Q.B.
dc.contributor.authorGu M.H.
dc.contributor.authorGuo F.L.
dc.contributor.authorGuo X.L.
dc.contributor.authorGuo Y.Q.
dc.contributor.authorGuo Y.Y.
dc.contributor.authorHan Y.A.
dc.contributor.authorHe H.H.
dc.contributor.authorHe H.N.
dc.contributor.authorHe J.Y.
dc.contributor.authorHe X.B.
dc.contributor.authorHe Y.
dc.contributor.authorHeller M.
dc.contributor.authorHor Y.K.
dc.contributor.authorHou B.W.
dc.contributor.authorHou C.
dc.contributor.authorHou X.
dc.contributor.authorHu H.B.
dc.contributor.authorHu Q.
dc.contributor.authorHu S.C.
dc.contributor.authorHuang D.H.
dc.contributor.authorHuang T.Q.
dc.contributor.authorHuang W.J.
dc.contributor.authorHuang X.T.
dc.contributor.authorHuang X.Y.
dc.contributor.authorHuang Y.
dc.contributor.authorHuang Z.C.
dc.contributor.authorJi X.L.
dc.contributor.authorJia H.Y.
dc.contributor.authorJia K.
dc.contributor.authorJiang K.
dc.contributor.authorJiang X.W.
dc.contributor.authorJiang Z.J.
dc.contributor.authorJin M.
dc.contributor.authorKang M.M.
dc.contributor.authorKe T.
dc.contributor.authorKuleshov D.
dc.contributor.authorKurinov K.
dc.contributor.authorLi B.B.
dc.contributor.authorLi C.
dc.contributor.correspondenceCao Z.
dc.contributor.otherMahidol University
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-13T18:10:52Z
dc.date.available2024-02-13T18:10:52Z
dc.date.issued2024-01-01
dc.description.abstractWe report the detection of a γ-ray bubble spanning at least 100 deg2 in ultra-high energy (UHE) up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X, implying the presence super PeVatron(s) accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV. A log-parabola form with the photon index Γ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10TeV) is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well. UHE sources, “hot spots” correlated with very massive molecular clouds, and a quasi-spherical amorphous γ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble. In the core of ∼0.5°, spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association (Cygnus OB2) and a microquasar (Cygnus X-3), as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources, an enhanced concentration of UHE γ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV. The general feature of the bubble, the morphology, and the energy spectrum, are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core, continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.
dc.identifier.citationScience Bulletin (2024)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.040
dc.identifier.eissn20959281
dc.identifier.issn20959273
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85183744232
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/97134
dc.rights.holderSCOPUS
dc.subjectMultidisciplinary
dc.titleAn ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron
dc.typeArticle
mu.datasource.scopushttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85183744232&origin=inward
oaire.citation.titleScience Bulletin
oairecerif.author.affiliationState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics
oairecerif.author.affiliationYunnan Observatories
oairecerif.author.affiliationNanjing University
oairecerif.author.affiliationShanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationInstitute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationShandong University
oairecerif.author.affiliationYunnan University
oairecerif.author.affiliationInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationIN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
oairecerif.author.affiliationGuangzhou University
oairecerif.author.affiliationTsinghua University
oairecerif.author.affiliationShanghai Jiao Tong University
oairecerif.author.affiliationSun Yat-Sen University
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversity of Science and Technology of China
oairecerif.author.affiliationZhengzhou University
oairecerif.author.affiliationInstitiúid Ard-Lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
oairecerif.author.affiliationSichuan University
oairecerif.author.affiliationNational Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
oairecerif.author.affiliationSouthwest Jiaotong University
oairecerif.author.affiliationPurple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversité de Genève
oairecerif.author.affiliationHebei Normal University
oairecerif.author.affiliationTibet University
oairecerif.author.affiliationMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology
oairecerif.author.affiliationTIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center

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