An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron
dc.contributor.author | Cao Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Aharonian F. | |
dc.contributor.author | An Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Axikegu | |
dc.contributor.author | Bai Y.X. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bao Y.W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bastieri D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bi X.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bi Y.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cai J.T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cao Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cao W.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cao Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chang J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chang J.F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen A.M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen E.S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen M.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen M.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen Q.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen S.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen S.Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen T.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng N. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng Y.D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cui M.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cui S.W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cui X.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cui Y.D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Dai B.Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Dai H.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Dai Z.G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Danzengluobu | |
dc.contributor.author | della Volpe D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Dong X.Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Duan K.K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Fan J.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Fan Y.Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Fang J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Fang K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Feng C.F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Feng L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Feng S.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Feng X.T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Feng Y.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gabici S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao C.D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao L.Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gao W.K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ge M.M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Geng L.S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Giacinti G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gong G.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gou Q.B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gu M.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Guo F.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Guo X.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Guo Y.Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Guo Y.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Han Y.A. | |
dc.contributor.author | He H.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | He H.N. | |
dc.contributor.author | He J.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | He X.B. | |
dc.contributor.author | He Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Heller M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hor Y.K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hou B.W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hou C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hou X. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hu H.B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hu Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hu S.C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang D.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang T.Q. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang W.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang X.T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang X.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang Z.C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ji X.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jia H.Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jia K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jiang K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jiang X.W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jiang Z.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Jin M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kang M.M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ke T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kuleshov D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kurinov K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Li B.B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Li C. | |
dc.contributor.correspondence | Cao Z. | |
dc.contributor.other | Mahidol University | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-02-13T18:10:52Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-02-13T18:10:52Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-01-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | We report the detection of a γ-ray bubble spanning at least 100 deg2 in ultra-high energy (UHE) up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X, implying the presence super PeVatron(s) accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV. A log-parabola form with the photon index Γ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10TeV) is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well. UHE sources, “hot spots” correlated with very massive molecular clouds, and a quasi-spherical amorphous γ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble. In the core of ∼0.5°, spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association (Cygnus OB2) and a microquasar (Cygnus X-3), as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources, an enhanced concentration of UHE γ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV. The general feature of the bubble, the morphology, and the energy spectrum, are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core, continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium. | |
dc.identifier.citation | Science Bulletin (2024) | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.040 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 20959281 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 20959273 | |
dc.identifier.scopus | 2-s2.0-85183744232 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/97134 | |
dc.rights.holder | SCOPUS | |
dc.subject | Multidisciplinary | |
dc.title | An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron | |
dc.type | Article | |
mu.datasource.scopus | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85183744232&origin=inward | |
oaire.citation.title | Science Bulletin | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Yunnan Observatories | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Nanjing University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Shandong University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Yunnan University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Guangzhou University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Tsinghua University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Sun Yat-Sen University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | University of Science and Technology of China | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Zhengzhou University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Institiúid Ard-Lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Sichuan University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Southwest Jiaotong University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Université de Genève | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Hebei Normal University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Tibet University | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology | |
oairecerif.author.affiliation | TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center |