The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study
Issued Date
2024-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
14752891
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85190573304
Journal Title
Nutrition Journal
Volume
23
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Nutrition Journal Vol.23 No.1 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Norde M.M., Bromage S., Marchioni D.M.L., Vasques A.C., Deitchler M., Arsenaut J., de Carvalho A.M., Velloso L., Willett W., Giovannucci E., Geloneze B. The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study. Nutrition Journal Vol.23 No.1 (2024). doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00949-x Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/98089
Title
The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality in a national-representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods: Nationally-representative data from 44,744 men and non-pregnant and non-lactating women aging ≥ 10 years, from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used. Dietary data were collected through two 24-h recalls (24HR). The GDQS was calculated and compared to a proxy indicator of nutrient adequate intake (the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women—MDD-W) and to an indicator of high-risk diet for non-communicable diseases (caloric contribution from ultra-processed foods—UPF). To estimate the odds for overall nutrient inadequacy across MDD-W and GDQS quintiles, a multiple logistic regression was applied, and the two metrics’ performances were compared using Wald’s post-test. Results: The mean GDQS for Brazilians was 14.5 (0–49 possible range), and only 1% of the population had a low-risk diet (GDQS ≥ 23). The GDQS mean was higher in women, elderly individuals and in higher-income households. An inverse correlation was found between the GDQS and UPF (rho (95% CI) = -0.20(-0.21;-0.19)). The odds for nutrient inadequacy were lower as quintiles of GDQS and MDD-W were higher (p-trend < 0.001), and MDD-W had a slightly better performance than GDQS (p-diff < 0.001). Having a low-risk GDQS (≥ 23) lowered the odds for nutrient inadequacy by 74% (95% CI:63%-81%). Conclusion: The GDQS is a good indicator of overall nutrient adequacy, and correlates well with UPF in a nationally representative sample of Brazil. Future studies must investigate the relationship between the GDQS and clinical endpoints, strengthening the recommendation to use this metric to surveillance dietary risks.