Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries
Issued Date
2025-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
10788956
eISSN
1546170X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85214369271
Journal Title
Nature Medicine
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Nature Medicine (2025)
Suggested Citation
Lara-Castor L., O’Hearn M., Cudhea F., Miller V., Shi P., Zhang J., Sharib J.R., Cash S.B., Barquera S., Micha R., Mozaffarian D., Hakeem R., Mirzaei M., Nikiema L., Manary M., Geleijnse J.M., Balfour D., Mitchell C., Elmadfa I., Meyer A., Zello G., Ersino G., Henry C., Fisberg R., Skeaff S., Ng S.W., Adair L., Jimenez E.Y., Zugravu C.A., Moy F.M., Serra-Majem L., Gunnarsdottir I., Thorsdottir I., Steingrimsdottir L., Stuetz W., Eleraky L., Freese R., Erkkola M., Korkalo L., Haque A., Krebs N.F., Hambidge K.M., Long J.M., Jayawardena R., Waidyatilaka I., Nöthlings U., Alexy U., Strand T., Sharma S., Pakseresht M., Abbott P., Poh B.K., Manan W., Jan Bin Jan Mohamed H., Shariff Z.M., Shamsuddin K., Preston A.M., Ochoa A., Posada L., Oleas M., Aguero S.D., Marques L.L., Mwanza S., Chileshe J., Anderson S.G., Mwaniki E., Abumweis S., Noshad S., Esteghamati A., Zohoori F.V., Karupaiah T., Vaask S., Dastgiri S., Moraeus L., Sipinen J.P., Lemming E.W., Lindroos A.K., Garriguet D., Swaminathan S., Kuriyan R., Kim C.I., Ridder K.D., Naska A., Fernandez A., Chiplonkar S., Salanave B., Hoffman D., Wieler L., Mensink G., Richter A., Mirmiran P., Tedla B., Tayyem R., Janská V., Al-Hamad N., Suarez-Ortegon M.F., Henjum S., Kruger H., Ding E.L., Eldridge A. Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries. Nature Medicine (2025). doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03345-4 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/102782
Title
Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries
Author(s)
Lara-Castor L.
O’Hearn M.
Cudhea F.
Miller V.
Shi P.
Zhang J.
Sharib J.R.
Cash S.B.
Barquera S.
Micha R.
Mozaffarian D.
Hakeem R.
Mirzaei M.
Nikiema L.
Manary M.
Geleijnse J.M.
Balfour D.
Mitchell C.
Elmadfa I.
Meyer A.
Zello G.
Ersino G.
Henry C.
Fisberg R.
Skeaff S.
Ng S.W.
Adair L.
Jimenez E.Y.
Zugravu C.A.
Moy F.M.
Serra-Majem L.
Gunnarsdottir I.
Thorsdottir I.
Steingrimsdottir L.
Stuetz W.
Eleraky L.
Freese R.
Erkkola M.
Korkalo L.
Haque A.
Krebs N.F.
Hambidge K.M.
Long J.M.
Jayawardena R.
Waidyatilaka I.
Nöthlings U.
Alexy U.
Strand T.
Sharma S.
Pakseresht M.
Abbott P.
Poh B.K.
Manan W.
Jan Bin Jan Mohamed H.
Shariff Z.M.
Shamsuddin K.
Preston A.M.
Ochoa A.
Posada L.
Oleas M.
Aguero S.D.
Marques L.L.
Mwanza S.
Chileshe J.
Anderson S.G.
Mwaniki E.
Abumweis S.
Noshad S.
Esteghamati A.
Zohoori F.V.
Karupaiah T.
Vaask S.
Dastgiri S.
Moraeus L.
Sipinen J.P.
Lemming E.W.
Lindroos A.K.
Garriguet D.
Swaminathan S.
Kuriyan R.
Kim C.I.
Ridder K.D.
Naska A.
Fernandez A.
Chiplonkar S.
Salanave B.
Hoffman D.
Wieler L.
Mensink G.
Richter A.
Mirmiran P.
Tedla B.
Tayyem R.
Janská V.
Al-Hamad N.
Suarez-Ortegon M.F.
Henjum S.
Kruger H.
Ding E.L.
Eldridge A.
O’Hearn M.
Cudhea F.
Miller V.
Shi P.
Zhang J.
Sharib J.R.
Cash S.B.
Barquera S.
Micha R.
Mozaffarian D.
Hakeem R.
Mirzaei M.
Nikiema L.
Manary M.
Geleijnse J.M.
Balfour D.
Mitchell C.
Elmadfa I.
Meyer A.
Zello G.
Ersino G.
Henry C.
Fisberg R.
Skeaff S.
Ng S.W.
Adair L.
Jimenez E.Y.
Zugravu C.A.
Moy F.M.
Serra-Majem L.
Gunnarsdottir I.
Thorsdottir I.
Steingrimsdottir L.
Stuetz W.
Eleraky L.
Freese R.
Erkkola M.
Korkalo L.
Haque A.
Krebs N.F.
Hambidge K.M.
Long J.M.
Jayawardena R.
Waidyatilaka I.
Nöthlings U.
Alexy U.
Strand T.
Sharma S.
Pakseresht M.
Abbott P.
Poh B.K.
Manan W.
Jan Bin Jan Mohamed H.
Shariff Z.M.
Shamsuddin K.
Preston A.M.
Ochoa A.
Posada L.
Oleas M.
Aguero S.D.
Marques L.L.
Mwanza S.
Chileshe J.
Anderson S.G.
Mwaniki E.
Abumweis S.
Noshad S.
Esteghamati A.
Zohoori F.V.
Karupaiah T.
Vaask S.
Dastgiri S.
Moraeus L.
Sipinen J.P.
Lemming E.W.
Lindroos A.K.
Garriguet D.
Swaminathan S.
Kuriyan R.
Kim C.I.
Ridder K.D.
Naska A.
Fernandez A.
Chiplonkar S.
Salanave B.
Hoffman D.
Wieler L.
Mensink G.
Richter A.
Mirmiran P.
Tedla B.
Tayyem R.
Janská V.
Al-Hamad N.
Suarez-Ortegon M.F.
Henjum S.
Kruger H.
Ding E.L.
Eldridge A.
Author's Affiliation
Santé Publique France
Rutgers University–New Brunswick
Universidad Técnica del Norte
Technical University of Kenya
Taylor's University Malaysia
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ziauddin University
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
New England Complex Systems Institute
Tropical Diseases Research Centre Ndola
Qatar University
University of Cuenca
University of the Southern Caribbean
Universidad de Puerto Rico
The University of the West Indies
Haskoli Islands
University of Colombo
Tallinna Ülikool
OsloMet – StorbyUniversitetet
School of Medicine
Universidad de Antioquia
Hashemite University
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din Bucuresti
McMaster University
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
University of Alberta
North-West University
Universitetet i Bergen
Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM
Universiti Malaya
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Statistics Canada
Nestlé S.A.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Universität Wien
University of Thessaly
Teesside University
Universiti Putra Malaysia
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Tufts University
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Science
UNM Health Sciences Center
Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
St. John's National Academy Of Health Sciences India
Deakin University
Universität Hohenheim
University of Otago
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Robert Koch Institute
University of Aberdeen
Tufts University School of Medicine
University of Saskatchewan
University of Dhaka
Seoul National University
Queensland University of Technology
Washington University in St. Louis
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Universidade de São Paulo
Universität Bonn
Wageningen University & Research
Helsingin Yliopisto
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Tufts Medical Center
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universidad San Sebastián
Public Authority for Food and Nutrition
Unidad de Nutricion Publica
Food Systems for the Future
Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health)
Swedish Food Agency
Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic
Rutgers University–New Brunswick
Universidad Técnica del Norte
Technical University of Kenya
Taylor's University Malaysia
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ziauddin University
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
New England Complex Systems Institute
Tropical Diseases Research Centre Ndola
Qatar University
University of Cuenca
University of the Southern Caribbean
Universidad de Puerto Rico
The University of the West Indies
Haskoli Islands
University of Colombo
Tallinna Ülikool
OsloMet – StorbyUniversitetet
School of Medicine
Universidad de Antioquia
Hashemite University
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din Bucuresti
McMaster University
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
University of Alberta
North-West University
Universitetet i Bergen
Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM
Universiti Malaya
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Statistics Canada
Nestlé S.A.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Universität Wien
University of Thessaly
Teesside University
Universiti Putra Malaysia
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Tufts University
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Science
UNM Health Sciences Center
Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
St. John's National Academy Of Health Sciences India
Deakin University
Universität Hohenheim
University of Otago
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Robert Koch Institute
University of Aberdeen
Tufts University School of Medicine
University of Saskatchewan
University of Dhaka
Seoul National University
Queensland University of Technology
Washington University in St. Louis
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Universidade de São Paulo
Universität Bonn
Wageningen University & Research
Helsingin Yliopisto
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Tufts Medical Center
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universidad San Sebastián
Public Authority for Food and Nutrition
Unidad de Nutricion Publica
Food Systems for the Future
Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health)
Swedish Food Agency
Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an updated and comprehensive assessment of the global burden attributable to SSBs remains scarce. Here we estimated SSB-attributable T2D and CVD burdens across 184 countries in 1990 and 2020 globally, regionally and nationally, incorporating data from the Global Dietary Database, jointly stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and urbanicity. In 2020, 2.2 million (95% uncertainty interval 2.0–2.3) new T2D cases and 1.2 million (95% uncertainty interval 1.1–1.3) new CVD cases were attributable to SSBs worldwide, representing 9.8% and 3.1%, respectively, of all incident cases. Globally, proportional SSB-attributable burdens were higher among men versus women, younger versus older adults, higher- versus lower-educated adults, and adults in urban versus rural areas. By world region, the highest SSB-attributable percentage burdens were in Latin America and the Caribbean (T2D: 24.4%; CVD: 11.3%) and sub-Saharan Africa (T2D: 21.5%; CVD: 10.5%). From 1990 to 2020, the largest proportional increases in SSB-attributable incident T2D and CVD cases were in sub-Saharan Africa (+8.8% and +4.4%, respectively). Our study highlights the countries and subpopulations most affected by cardiometabolic disease associated with SSB consumption, assisting in shaping effective policies and interventions to reduce these burdens globally.