Mycelium-Based Breakthroughs: Exploring Commercialization, Research, and Next-Gen Possibilities

Abstract

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) and pure-mycelium materials (PMMs) represent groundbreaking advancements in materials engineering, offering environmentally sustainable alternatives aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These innovative materials integrate mycelium, a natural biological adhesive, with lignocellulosic by-products, demonstrating a multidisciplinary approach that merges biology, engineering, and design to address critical environmental challenges. This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in MBC technology, encompassing commercial applications, ongoing research and development, scientific literature, mycological insights, patents, and intellectual property. Selected product samples illustrate the versatility and potential of MBCs. The pivotal role of mycelium in addressing current and future challenges in materials science is underscored. The review identifies eleven distinct application areas for MBCs and PMMs, including five commercialized sectors and six under active research and development. Furthermore, key directions for future studies are outlined, emphasizing the integration of MBCs and PMMs to enhance the sustainability of conventional materials and drive the evolution of next-generation materials.