Black Soldier Fly Pupal ExuviExperimentae as a Biomaterial for Cadmium Adsorption: Characterization, Efficiency and Pot
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Issued Date
2025-12-01
Resource Type
ISSN
00496979
eISSN
15732932
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105018580544
Journal Title
Water Air and Soil Pollution
Volume
236
Issue
15
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Water Air and Soil Pollution Vol.236 No.15 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Phasukarratchai N., Chaleampatthanapong N., Wongkaew P., Boonnontae R., Wongpram P., Bumrungwaen T., Pansak W., Rongsayamanont W. Black Soldier Fly Pupal ExuviExperimentae as a Biomaterial for Cadmium Adsorption: Characterization, Efficiency and Pot. Water Air and Soil Pollution Vol.236 No.15 (2025). doi:10.1007/s11270-025-08656-x Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/112675
Title
Black Soldier Fly Pupal ExuviExperimentae as a Biomaterial for Cadmium Adsorption: Characterization, Efficiency and Pot
Author's Affiliation
Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
Chitin-chitosan, derived from black soldier fly (BSF) pupal exuviae (BSF-PE), has emerged as a promising adsorbent due to its abundance from the food waste management and biodegradability. This study investigated the Cd (II) ion adsorption capacity of different BSF-PE-derived adsorbents prepared through demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. Ground BSF-PE and BSF-chitin exhibited the highest Cd adsorption efficiencies (91.23% and 97.33%, respectively) under the condition of pH 7, temperature 328 K, and shaking rate of 150 rpm for 24 h. The Langmuir isotherm confirmed monolayer adsorption, with Cd binding to calcium carbonate in ground BSF-PE which can precipitate as a solid from SEM observation (q<inf>m</inf> = 31.48 mg/g and K<inf>L</inf> = 0.54 L/mg), and to the acetyl and hydroxyl groups in chitin (q<inf>m</inf> = 37.85 mg/g and K<inf>L</inf> = 0.55 L/mg). The phytotoxicity of BSF-chitin and ground BSF-PE leaching demonstrated a significantly high germination index (~ 50–66%) in Bok choy. Whereas, ground BSF-PE and BSE-PE leaching showed a comparable percentage in germination index in rice (31–42%). A pot experiment using 10 mg/kg-spiked Cd contaminated soil and ground BSF-PE revealed that a mixture not exceeding 10 g/kg optimizes Bok choy growth while minimizing Cd leaching and plant uptake (3.95 mg /kg) compared to soil control (87.56 mg/kg). This study highlights the potential of BSF-PE as sustainable and effective adsorbent for Cd removal from soil contamination, consequently contributing in environmental protection and remediation.