Current perspectives on rhinitis, postnasal drip, and cough

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cough caused by rhinitis and related conditions, emphasizing new advancements. RECENT FINDINGS: Upper airway cough involves multiple inflammatory and neurogenic mechanisms, including postnasal drip stimulation of cough receptors, inflammatory mediator release, and sensory neural hypersensitivity. Diagnosis requires comprehensive clinical evaluation, with increasing emphasis on identifying specific disease endotypes. Management has expanded from conventional therapies to include biologics and targeted procedures, while emerging treatments provide additional options for refractory cases. SUMMARY: Chronic cough frequently results from upper airway conditions, including allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and postviral cough. Diagnosis and treatment depend on symptom assessment, endoscopy, imaging, and biomarkers. Management targets the underlying etiology through pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and procedural interventions; however, further research remains essential to optimize understanding and treatment of affected patients.