Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Issued Date
2022-05-01
Resource Type
eISSN
14203049
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85131108717
Pubmed ID
35630670
Journal Title
Molecules
Volume
27
Issue
10
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Molecules Vol.27 No.10 (2022)
Suggested Citation
Rauf A., Badoni H., Abu-Izneid T., Olatunde A., Rahman M.M., Painuli S., Semwal P., Wilairatana P., Mubarak M.S. Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules Vol.27 No.10 (2022). doi:10.3390/molecules27103194 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/84191
Title
Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.