The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Issued Date
2022-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
14702045
eISSN
14745488
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85122091989
Pubmed ID
34871551
Journal Title
The Lancet Oncology
Volume
23
Issue
1
Start Page
27
End Page
52
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
The Lancet Oncology Vol.23 No.1 (2022) , 27-52
Suggested Citation
Alvarez E.M. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Oncology Vol.23 No.1 (2022) , 27-52. 52. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/86713
Title
The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
University of Kurdistan Hewlêr
College of Medicine Alfaisal University
Iranian Center for Evidence-Based Medicine
Experimental Medicine Research Center
School of Medicine and Public Health
Khyber Medical University
IUMS Health Management and Economics Research Center
St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College
Seattle Children's Hospital
Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
Uro-Oncology Research Center
University of Human Development
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Sulaimani Polytechnic University
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
UC Davis Health
Khomein University of Medical Sciences
Wolkite University
Madda Walabu University
Debre Markos University
Arba Minch University
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Universidad de la Costa
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
National Cancer Institute Sri Lanka
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university
Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Iran
Jahrom University of Medical Science
University of Gondar
Sana'a University
Qatar University
Rumailah Hospital
Hamad Medical Corporation
Sultan Qaboos University
Jimma University
Addis Ababa University
University of Sharjah
University of Management and Technology Lahore
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health
Universitas Padjadjaran
The University of Jordan
King Hussein Cancer Center
Universidad de Cartagena
Philadelphia University Jordan
Kuwait University
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din Bucuresti
Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
University of South Australia
McMaster University
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Università degli Studi di Milano
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
University of Southern California
Universiti Malaya
University of Washington School of Medicine
Olabisi Onabanjo University
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Indian Council of Medical Research
Iran University of Medical Sciences
University of Technology Sydney
Fasa University of Medical Sciences
Yasouj University
Cancer Institute India
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Hunter New England NSW Health
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
James Cook University
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
University of Washington
Florida International University
Keck School of Medicine of USC
University of California, Davis
University of Malaya Medical Centre
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS)
Tanta University
Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano
University of Ibadan
Mayo Clinic
Marshall University
King Abdulaziz University
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Charles Sturt University
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Rutgers University-Newark Campus
Jackson State University
Royan Institution
Psychological Sciences Association
Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of Buryatiya
Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
Nishtar Medical University
Abasyn University
Lumbini Medical College
RiesSearch LLC
College of Medicine Alfaisal University
Iranian Center for Evidence-Based Medicine
Experimental Medicine Research Center
School of Medicine and Public Health
Khyber Medical University
IUMS Health Management and Economics Research Center
St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College
Seattle Children's Hospital
Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
Uro-Oncology Research Center
University of Human Development
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Sulaimani Polytechnic University
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
UC Davis Health
Khomein University of Medical Sciences
Wolkite University
Madda Walabu University
Debre Markos University
Arba Minch University
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Universidad de la Costa
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
National Cancer Institute Sri Lanka
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university
Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Iran
Jahrom University of Medical Science
University of Gondar
Sana'a University
Qatar University
Rumailah Hospital
Hamad Medical Corporation
Sultan Qaboos University
Jimma University
Addis Ababa University
University of Sharjah
University of Management and Technology Lahore
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health
Universitas Padjadjaran
The University of Jordan
King Hussein Cancer Center
Universidad de Cartagena
Philadelphia University Jordan
Kuwait University
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din Bucuresti
Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
University of South Australia
McMaster University
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Università degli Studi di Milano
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
University of Southern California
Universiti Malaya
University of Washington School of Medicine
Olabisi Onabanjo University
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Indian Council of Medical Research
Iran University of Medical Sciences
University of Technology Sydney
Fasa University of Medical Sciences
Yasouj University
Cancer Institute India
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Hunter New England NSW Health
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
James Cook University
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
University of Washington
Florida International University
Keck School of Medicine of USC
University of California, Davis
University of Malaya Medical Centre
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS)
Tanta University
Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano
University of Ibadan
Mayo Clinic
Marshall University
King Abdulaziz University
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Charles Sturt University
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Rutgers University-Newark Campus
Jackson State University
Royan Institution
Psychological Sciences Association
Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of Buryatiya
Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
Nishtar Medical University
Abasyn University
Lumbini Medical College
RiesSearch LLC
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.