Early Treatment Initiation Improves Outcomes in Nevus of Ota: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Nevus of Ota is a psychologically burdensome facial pigmentation birthmark common in Asian populations. Laser therapy is currently the first-line treatment, but no guidelines on when to initiate treatment have yet been established. Objectives: Our objective was to determine the correlation between treatment efficacy and safety, risk of recurrence, and age of treatment initiation in patients receiving laser therapy for nevus of Ota. Methods: We conducted a 10-year (2008–2018) retrospective cohort study of all patients who completed a minimum of five laser treatments at Siriraj Skin Laser Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Results: A total of 84 patients (aged 4 months–50 years) with nevus of Ota lesions were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG or a 755-nm or 1064-nm picosecond-domain laser (or a combination thereof). Our analysis identified that initiation of laser therapy before the age of 5 years was a significant factor in reducing the number of sessions necessary to achieve aesthetic improvement (P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–3.21). In total, 18 patients (21.4%) initiating treatment before the age of 5 years required an average of 2, 4, and 7 treatment sessions to achieve > 25, 50, and 75% of pigment lightening, respectively, whereas 66 patients (78.6%) initiating treatment after the age of 5 years required an average of 3, 7, and 11 sessions to achieve comparable clearance. The risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was significantly lower in patients starting treatment before the age of 5 years (P < 0.01; 95% CI − 43.76 to − 11.94). Recurrences were not observed in patients achieving > 95% clearance. Conclusions: In our patient cohort, initiation of laser treatment for nevus of Ota before the age of 5 years significantly improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced the risk of adverse events and recurrence. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov PRS number: NCT04481178.