Localization based on received signal strength measurement in smart cities using constrained least squares
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Issued Date
2025-10-01
Resource Type
ISSN
00457906
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105012191089
Journal Title
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Volume
127
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Computers and Electrical Engineering Vol.127 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Tausiesakul B., Goldoni E., Savazzi P. Localization based on received signal strength measurement in smart cities using constrained least squares. Computers and Electrical Engineering Vol.127 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110564 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/111557
Title
Localization based on received signal strength measurement in smart cities using constrained least squares
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Author's Affiliation
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Abstract
The global positioning system (GPS) is essential for many internet-of-things applications but is vulnerable to spoofing and jamming attacks that can lead to incorrect location and timing information. This paper proposes a GPS-compromise detection and localization method using received signal strength (RSS) from wireless networks as a low-cost alternative. Although RSS measurements are inherently noisy, they can provide useful location estimates when processed effectively. We formulate a localization problem using noisy RSS data and propose three estimation methods based on a constrained least squares (CLS) criterion. The Cramér–Rao lower bound for mean squared error is also derived to evaluate the performance limits. Simulations based on real-world LoRaWAN data show that the proposed CLS methods achieve lower estimation error, measured by root mean squared error, than the conventional least squares method, albeit at a higher computational cost.