Detection and characterization of Kudoa thunni from uncooked yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Myxosporean parasites Kudoa spp. have been reported in several marine fish species worldwide. However, little is known about the contamination of these parasites in raw fish in Southeast Asia, where the consumption demand of uncooked fish is increasing. In 2019, the occurrence of several cases of raw yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) obtained from retail shops with the presence of unknown white, nodular cysts within the musculature have raised public health concerns for the consumption of raw marine fish in Vietnam. Microscopic examination revealed numerous myxospores with the quadratic shape of the Kudoidae. Morphologically, stained spores detected in this study are suspected to Kudoa thunni. To confirm the suspected Kudoa species, further examination of the 18S small-subunit (SSU) was conducted and the results of nucleotide sequence analysis obtained from nodular cysts revealed 99.18–100% identity to that of Kudoa thunni sequences available in GenBank. Detection of K. thunni infection in tuna in Southeast Asia highlights the need for appropriate surveillance and control measures to ensure high quality standards and safety on raw fish production and consumption.