Chronological Changes in Breast and Nipple Position after Autologous Reconstruction in an Asian Population
Issued Date
2025-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
0743684X
eISSN
10988947
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105009633245
Pubmed ID
40398861
Journal Title
Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery (2025)
Suggested Citation
Lohasammakul S., Yoon J., Suppasilp C., Eom J.S., Han H.H. Chronological Changes in Breast and Nipple Position after Autologous Reconstruction in an Asian Population. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery (2025). doi:10.1055/a-2616-4258 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/111152
Title
Chronological Changes in Breast and Nipple Position after Autologous Reconstruction in an Asian Population
Author(s)
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background The breast shape changes between reconstructed and native breasts in autologous reconstruction, which is important to achieve symmetry. This study was conducted to clarify chronological changes in the shape and nipple position of the reconstructed breast compared with the contralateral breast in the Asian population. Methods Photographic assessments were conducted at baseline and during annual visits of patients who underwent immediate free flap breast reconstruction following unilateral nipple-sparing mastectomy at our institution between June 2017 and December 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the change in shape and nipple position. This observation was most marked at 1-year postsurgery. Results Among the 170 patients (mean age, 48.04 ± 7.55 years), 164 (96.47%) had a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap and 8 (4.71%) required further surgery on the contralateral breast for correction of asymmetry. The chronological changes in the breast shape and nipple position significantly differed between the native and the reconstructed breast, with the latter showing a higher degree of retraction. Grading of breast ptosis (grades 0-2) and exposure to radiotherapy were associated with an increased degree of retraction. Conclusion Retraction may occur after free flap breast reconstruction, particularly in patients with ptosis or those receiving radiotherapy. These findings support careful planning, including volume adjustment and contralateral procedures. While based on an Asian population, the results may inform surgical decisions in similar patient groups.