Hydrogen production and pollutant reduction from wastewater using dual-functional graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts: A review
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Issued Date
2026-03-27
Resource Type
ISSN
03603199
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105034472862
Journal Title
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume
221
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol.221 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Riduan S., Kannan A.M., Hunsom M. Hydrogen production and pollutant reduction from wastewater using dual-functional graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol.221 (2026). doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154201 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/116095
Title
Hydrogen production and pollutant reduction from wastewater using dual-functional graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts: A review
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Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
Hydrogen (H<inf>2</inf>) is a promising green energy carrier with high energy density and clean combustion, emitting no greenhouse gases. Conventional H<inf>2</inf> production methods such as steam reforming still depend on fossil fuels, requiring high temperatures and pressures, and generating significant emissions. As a sustainable alternative, photocatalysis using semiconductors has gained attention for H<inf>2</inf> production via water splitting. Among these, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>), a metal-free conjugated semiconductor, offers notable advantages, tunable structure, high stability, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. Beyond pure water, g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> photocatalysts can also generate H<inf>2</inf> from diverse wastewaters, including antibiotic, dye, brewery, and petrochemical effluents, while simultaneously degrading pollutants. These pollutants act as hole scavengers and influence H<inf>2</inf> production, synergistically, neutrally, or adversely, depending on catalyst properties, operating conditions, and degradation intermediates. This review highlights properties of g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>, synthesis methods, and dual roles in H<inf>2</inf> production and pollutant reduction, fostering advances in sustainable, multifunctional photocatalytic systems for clean energy and environmental remediation.