Introduced or established? Convergent evidence indicates imported pine wood nematode vectors occupy gaps in native distribution
Issued Date
2026-06-01
Resource Type
ISSN
16124758
eISSN
16124766
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105036061470
Journal Title
Journal of Pest Science
Volume
99
Issue
2
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Pest Science Vol.99 No.2 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Grégoire J.C., Artois J., Claude J., Gilbert M., Morand S., Roux G., San Martin G., Avtzis D., Berkvens N., Bonte J., Casteels H., Closa S., Csóka G., Drumont A., Farrugia N., Flot J.L., Foit J., Franquinho Aguiar A.M., Galko J., Govaert M., Grisane L., Hauptman T., Heijerman T., Hoch G., Hoppe B., Ilau B., Jactel H., Jennes W., Kersaudy E., Leroy Q., Magnoux E., Mas H., Matsiakh I., Michelante D., Misser J., Nikolov C., Pajares J., Prospero S., Rassati D., Ravn H.P., Reiners J., Rezgytė L., Roques A., Schroeder M., Sukovata L., Van Geertruijden L., Vanhoutte O., Vihervuori L., Vukadin A. Introduced or established? Convergent evidence indicates imported pine wood nematode vectors occupy gaps in native distribution. Journal of Pest Science Vol.99 No.2 (2026). doi:10.1007/s10340-026-02025-1 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/116340
Title
Introduced or established? Convergent evidence indicates imported pine wood nematode vectors occupy gaps in native distribution
Author(s)
Grégoire J.C.
Artois J.
Claude J.
Gilbert M.
Morand S.
Roux G.
San Martin G.
Avtzis D.
Berkvens N.
Bonte J.
Casteels H.
Closa S.
Csóka G.
Drumont A.
Farrugia N.
Flot J.L.
Foit J.
Franquinho Aguiar A.M.
Galko J.
Govaert M.
Grisane L.
Hauptman T.
Heijerman T.
Hoch G.
Hoppe B.
Ilau B.
Jactel H.
Jennes W.
Kersaudy E.
Leroy Q.
Magnoux E.
Mas H.
Matsiakh I.
Michelante D.
Misser J.
Nikolov C.
Pajares J.
Prospero S.
Rassati D.
Ravn H.P.
Reiners J.
Rezgytė L.
Roques A.
Schroeder M.
Sukovata L.
Van Geertruijden L.
Vanhoutte O.
Vihervuori L.
Vukadin A.
Artois J.
Claude J.
Gilbert M.
Morand S.
Roux G.
San Martin G.
Avtzis D.
Berkvens N.
Bonte J.
Casteels H.
Closa S.
Csóka G.
Drumont A.
Farrugia N.
Flot J.L.
Foit J.
Franquinho Aguiar A.M.
Galko J.
Govaert M.
Grisane L.
Hauptman T.
Heijerman T.
Hoch G.
Hoppe B.
Ilau B.
Jactel H.
Jennes W.
Kersaudy E.
Leroy Q.
Magnoux E.
Mas H.
Matsiakh I.
Michelante D.
Misser J.
Nikolov C.
Pajares J.
Prospero S.
Rassati D.
Ravn H.P.
Reiners J.
Rezgytė L.
Roques A.
Schroeder M.
Sukovata L.
Van Geertruijden L.
Vanhoutte O.
Vihervuori L.
Vukadin A.
Author's Affiliation
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Københavns Universitet
Università degli Studi di Padova
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Chulalongkorn University
Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
Universidad de Valladolid
Kasetsart University
Université d'Orléans
Mendelova Univerzita v Brně
Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL
Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen
Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRAADA
Instituut voor Landbouw- en Visserijonderzoek
Soproni Egyetem
Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés (BIOGECO)
Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald
Wallon Agricultural Research Centre
Gozdarski Inštitut Slovenije
Ukrainian National Forestry University
Národné lesnícke centrum
Unité de Recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF)
Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food
Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
Julius Kuehn Institute
Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC)
Danish Forest and Nature Agency
Finnish Food Authority
Administration of Technical Agricultural Services (ASTA)
Forest Research Institute (IBL)
Laboratori de Sanitat Forestal
Plant Protection Directorate
Département de la santé des forêts
Secretaria Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural
EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten
Radiation Safety Centre State Environmental Service of the Republic of Latvia
Observatoire wallon de la Santé des Forêts (OWSF)
Servicio de Sanidad Forestal
Estonian Agriculture and Food Board
State Plant Service (VATZUM)
Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture et de la Forêt d’Aquitaine
Københavns Universitet
Università degli Studi di Padova
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Chulalongkorn University
Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
Universidad de Valladolid
Kasetsart University
Université d'Orléans
Mendelova Univerzita v Brně
Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL
Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen
Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRAADA
Instituut voor Landbouw- en Visserijonderzoek
Soproni Egyetem
Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés (BIOGECO)
Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald
Wallon Agricultural Research Centre
Gozdarski Inštitut Slovenije
Ukrainian National Forestry University
Národné lesnícke centrum
Unité de Recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF)
Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food
Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
Julius Kuehn Institute
Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC)
Danish Forest and Nature Agency
Finnish Food Authority
Administration of Technical Agricultural Services (ASTA)
Forest Research Institute (IBL)
Laboratori de Sanitat Forestal
Plant Protection Directorate
Département de la santé des forêts
Secretaria Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural
EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten
Radiation Safety Centre State Environmental Service of the Republic of Latvia
Observatoire wallon de la Santé des Forêts (OWSF)
Servicio de Sanidad Forestal
Estonian Agriculture and Food Board
State Plant Service (VATZUM)
Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture et de la Forêt d’Aquitaine
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Monitoring regulated quarantine plant pathogens and, when relevant, their vectors is compulsory in the European Union. Local Monochamus species (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) vector the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a non-native pest already established in most of Portugal. Only 29 M. galloprovincialis individuals were trapped in Belgium in ten years (2013–2022), despite a dense coverage of pheromone-baited traps, suggesting absence or a very rare local occurrence in the country. In the northern neighbouring countries, only one single established population is known in The Netherlands and one in Denmark. A species distribution model based on pheromone-trap catches (negative and positive) of M. galloprovincialis from 4,914 traps in 29 European countries between 2008 and 2019 was developed, using the overall climate conditions and the distribution of seven pine tree species as explanatory variables. The effect of spatial scale was tested with a multi-scale approach. With a 225*225 km spatial grain, the major explanatory variables were the mean diurnal temperature range and, to a lesser extent, the presence of Pinus spp. The model predicted a low probability of presence in Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain and north-western Germany compared to southern Europe. Genotyping allowed to conclude that at least some of the beetles caught in Belgium originated from foreign locations. All catches were located close to entry points, suggesting introduction with imported material. The small size of most of the Belgian pine stands may also explain the absence or apparently transient status, or rareness of Monochamus spp. This study thus suggests that surveys in Belgium should privilege entry points rather than local forest stands.