The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
20777000
eISSN
20777019
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85207293386
Journal Title
Mycosphere
Volume
15
Issue
1
Start Page
5146
End Page
6239
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Mycosphere Vol.15 No.1 (2024) , 5146-6239
Suggested Citation
Hyde K.D., Noorabadi M.T., Thiyagaraja V., He M.Q., Johnston P.R., Wijesinghe S.N., Armand A., Biketova A.Y., Chethana K.W.T., Erdoğdu M., Ge Z.W., Groenewald J.Z., Hongsanan S., Kušan I., Leontyev D.V., Li D.W., Lin C.G., Liu N.G., Maharachchikumbura S.S.N., Matočec N., May T.W., McKenzie E.H.C., Mešić A., Perera R.H., Phukhamsakda C., Piątek M., Samarakoon M.C., Selcuk F., Senanayake I.C., Tanney J.B., Tian Q., Vizzini A., Wanasinghe D.N., Wannasawang N., Wijayawardene N.N., Zhao R.L., Abdel-Wahab M.A., Abdollahzadeh J., Abeywickrama P.D., Absalan S., Acharya K., Afshari N., Afshan N.S., Afzalinia S., Ahmadpour S.A., Akulov O., Alizadeh A., Alizadeh M., Al-Sadi A.M., Alves A., Alves V.C.S., Alves-Silva G., Antonín V., Aouali S., Aptroot A., Apurillo C.C.S., Arias R.M., Asgari B., Asghari R., Assis D.M.A., Assyov B., Atienza V., Aumentado H.D.R., Avasthi S., Azevedo E., Bakhshi M., Bao D.F., Baral H.O., Barata M., Barbosa K.D., Barbosa R.N., Barbosa F.R., Baroncelli R., Barreto G.G., Baschien C., Bennett R.M., Bera I., Bezerra J.D.P., Bhunjun C.S., Bianchinotti M.V., Błaszkowski J., Boekhout T., Bonito G.M., Boonmee S., Boonyuen N., Bortnikov F.M., Bregant C., Bundhun D., Burgaud G., Buyck B., Caeiro M.F., Cabarroi-Hernández M., Feng C.M., Cai L., Calabon M.S., Calaça F.J.S., Callalli M., Câmara M.P.S., Cano-Lira J., Cao B. The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere Vol.15 No.1 (2024) , 5146-6239. 6239. doi:10.5943/MYCOSPHERE/15/1/25 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/103043
Title
The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa
Author(s)
Hyde K.D.
Noorabadi M.T.
Thiyagaraja V.
He M.Q.
Johnston P.R.
Wijesinghe S.N.
Armand A.
Biketova A.Y.
Chethana K.W.T.
Erdoğdu M.
Ge Z.W.
Groenewald J.Z.
Hongsanan S.
Kušan I.
Leontyev D.V.
Li D.W.
Lin C.G.
Liu N.G.
Maharachchikumbura S.S.N.
Matočec N.
May T.W.
McKenzie E.H.C.
Mešić A.
Perera R.H.
Phukhamsakda C.
Piątek M.
Samarakoon M.C.
Selcuk F.
Senanayake I.C.
Tanney J.B.
Tian Q.
Vizzini A.
Wanasinghe D.N.
Wannasawang N.
Wijayawardene N.N.
Zhao R.L.
Abdel-Wahab M.A.
Abdollahzadeh J.
Abeywickrama P.D.
Absalan S.
Acharya K.
Afshari N.
Afshan N.S.
Afzalinia S.
Ahmadpour S.A.
Akulov O.
Alizadeh A.
Alizadeh M.
Al-Sadi A.M.
Alves A.
Alves V.C.S.
Alves-Silva G.
Antonín V.
Aouali S.
Aptroot A.
Apurillo C.C.S.
Arias R.M.
Asgari B.
Asghari R.
Assis D.M.A.
Assyov B.
Atienza V.
Aumentado H.D.R.
Avasthi S.
Azevedo E.
Bakhshi M.
Bao D.F.
Baral H.O.
Barata M.
Barbosa K.D.
Barbosa R.N.
Barbosa F.R.
Baroncelli R.
Barreto G.G.
Baschien C.
Bennett R.M.
Bera I.
Bezerra J.D.P.
Bhunjun C.S.
Bianchinotti M.V.
Błaszkowski J.
Boekhout T.
Bonito G.M.
Boonmee S.
Boonyuen N.
Bortnikov F.M.
Bregant C.
Bundhun D.
Burgaud G.
Buyck B.
Caeiro M.F.
Cabarroi-Hernández M.
Feng C.M.
Cai L.
Calabon M.S.
Calaça F.J.S.
Callalli M.
Câmara M.P.S.
Cano-Lira J.
Cao B.
Noorabadi M.T.
Thiyagaraja V.
He M.Q.
Johnston P.R.
Wijesinghe S.N.
Armand A.
Biketova A.Y.
Chethana K.W.T.
Erdoğdu M.
Ge Z.W.
Groenewald J.Z.
Hongsanan S.
Kušan I.
Leontyev D.V.
Li D.W.
Lin C.G.
Liu N.G.
Maharachchikumbura S.S.N.
Matočec N.
May T.W.
McKenzie E.H.C.
Mešić A.
Perera R.H.
Phukhamsakda C.
Piątek M.
Samarakoon M.C.
Selcuk F.
Senanayake I.C.
Tanney J.B.
Tian Q.
Vizzini A.
Wanasinghe D.N.
Wannasawang N.
Wijayawardene N.N.
Zhao R.L.
Abdel-Wahab M.A.
Abdollahzadeh J.
Abeywickrama P.D.
Absalan S.
Acharya K.
Afshari N.
Afshan N.S.
Afzalinia S.
Ahmadpour S.A.
Akulov O.
Alizadeh A.
Alizadeh M.
Al-Sadi A.M.
Alves A.
Alves V.C.S.
Alves-Silva G.
Antonín V.
Aouali S.
Aptroot A.
Apurillo C.C.S.
Arias R.M.
Asgari B.
Asghari R.
Assis D.M.A.
Assyov B.
Atienza V.
Aumentado H.D.R.
Avasthi S.
Azevedo E.
Bakhshi M.
Bao D.F.
Baral H.O.
Barata M.
Barbosa K.D.
Barbosa R.N.
Barbosa F.R.
Baroncelli R.
Barreto G.G.
Baschien C.
Bennett R.M.
Bera I.
Bezerra J.D.P.
Bhunjun C.S.
Bianchinotti M.V.
Błaszkowski J.
Boekhout T.
Bonito G.M.
Boonmee S.
Boonyuen N.
Bortnikov F.M.
Bregant C.
Bundhun D.
Burgaud G.
Buyck B.
Caeiro M.F.
Cabarroi-Hernández M.
Feng C.M.
Cai L.
Calabon M.S.
Calaça F.J.S.
Callalli M.
Câmara M.P.S.
Cano-Lira J.
Cao B.
Author's Affiliation
Faculty of Science
Universidad Nacional Intercultural de Quillabamba
Guizhou Institute of Technology
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida
H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University
Universidade de Lisboa
Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne (Lubem)
West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria
Institut National de Recherche Forestière (INRF)
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Qujing Normal University
Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi
Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Sultan Qaboos University
University of the Philippines Visayas
University of Santo Tomas, Manila
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
University of the Punjab
Tarbiat Modares University
Pacific Forestry Centre
Michigan State University
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Moravian Museum
Sichuan Agricultural University
Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Universidade Federal de Goiás
Universidade de Aveiro
Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
University of Calcutta
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
Universität Greifswald
Sun Yat-Sen University
Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mae Fah Luang University
Kunming Institute of Botany
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
Universidade Estadual de Goias
Università degli Studi di Torino
Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Jiwaji University
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Universidad de Guadalajara
Valley Laboratory
Guizhou Normal University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Guizhou University
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Universitat de València
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
University of Kurdistan
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - KNAW
Institut Ruđer Bošković
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Shenzhen University
Chiang Mai University
Università degli Studi di Padova
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Universidad Nacional del Sur (DBBF-UNS)
British Mycological Society
Mykocosmos-Mycology and Science Communication
The Yeasts Foundation
Organización Juvenil Hongos Perú
Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/GO)
Philippine Science High School - Eastern Visayas Campus
Mycological Society of Israel
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
Facultat Med. i Ciencies de la Salut
Universidad Nacional Intercultural de Quillabamba
Guizhou Institute of Technology
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida
H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University
Universidade de Lisboa
Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne (Lubem)
West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria
Institut National de Recherche Forestière (INRF)
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Qujing Normal University
Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi
Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Sultan Qaboos University
University of the Philippines Visayas
University of Santo Tomas, Manila
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
University of the Punjab
Tarbiat Modares University
Pacific Forestry Centre
Michigan State University
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Moravian Museum
Sichuan Agricultural University
Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Universidade Federal de Goiás
Universidade de Aveiro
Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
University of Calcutta
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
Universität Greifswald
Sun Yat-Sen University
Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mae Fah Luang University
Kunming Institute of Botany
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
Universidade Estadual de Goias
Università degli Studi di Torino
Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Jiwaji University
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Universidad de Guadalajara
Valley Laboratory
Guizhou Normal University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Guizhou University
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Universitat de València
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
University of Kurdistan
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - KNAW
Institut Ruđer Bošković
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Shenzhen University
Chiang Mai University
Università degli Studi di Padova
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Universidad Nacional del Sur (DBBF-UNS)
British Mycological Society
Mykocosmos-Mycology and Science Communication
The Yeasts Foundation
Organización Juvenil Hongos Perú
Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/GO)
Philippine Science High School - Eastern Visayas Campus
Mycological Society of Israel
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
Facultat Med. i Ciencies de la Salut
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to better structure a unified classification scheme and avoid incorrect taxonomic inferences. With this in mind, the Outlines of Fungi and fungus-like taxa (2020, 2022) were published as an open-source taxonomic scheme to assist mycologists to better understand the taxonomic position of species within the Fungal Kingdom as well as to improve the accuracy and consistency of our taxonomic language. In this paper, the third contribution to the series of Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa prepared by the Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is published. The former is updated considering our previous reviews and the taxonomic changes based on recent taxonomic work. In addition, it is more comprehensive and derives more input and consensus from a larger number of mycologists worldwide. Apart from listing the position of a particular genus in a taxonomic level, nearly 1000 notes are provided for newly established genera and higher taxa introduced since 2022. The notes section emphasizes on recent findings with corresponding references, discusses background information to support the current taxonomic status and some controversial taxonomic issues are also highlighted. To elicit maximum taxonomic information, notes/taxa are linked to recognized databases such as Index Fungorum, Faces of Fungi, MycoBank and GenBank, Species Fungorum and others. A new feature includes links to Fungalpedia, offering notes in the Compendium of Fungi and fungus-like Organisms. When specific notes are not provided, links are available to webpages and relevant publications for genera or higher taxa to ease data accessibility. Following the recent synonymization of Caulochytriomycota under Chytridiomycota, with Caulochytriomycetes now classified as a class within the latter, based on formally described and currently accepted data, the Fungi comprises 19 Phyla, 83 classes, 1,220 families, 10,685 genera and ca 140,000 species. Of the genera, 39.5% are monotypic and this begs the question whether mycologists split genera unnecessarily or are we going to find other species in these genera as more parts of the world are surveyed? They are 433 speciose genera with more than 50 species. The document also highlights discussion of some important topics including number of genera categorized as incertae sedis status in higher level fungal classification. The number of species at the higher taxonomic level has always been a contentious issue especially when mycologists consider either a lumping or a splitting approach and herein we provide figures. Herein a summary of updates in the outline of Basidiomycota is provided with discussion on whether there are too many genera of Boletales, Ceratobasidiaceae, and speciose genera such as Colletotrichum. Specific case studies deal with Cortinarius, early diverging fungi, Glomeromycota, a diverse early divergent lineage of symbiotic fungi, Eurotiomycetes, marine fungi, Myxomycetes, Phyllosticta, Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae and the longstanding practice of misapplying intercontinental conspecificity. The outline will aid to better stabilize fungal taxonomy and serves as a necessary tool for mycologists and other scientists interested in the classification of the Fungi.