Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Talaromycosis
Issued Date
2026-02-04
Resource Type
eISSN
15376591
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105029529751
Pubmed ID
40569093
Journal Title
Clinical Infectious Diseases an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Volume
81
Issue
6
Start Page
e533
End Page
e543
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Clinical Infectious Diseases an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Vol.81 No.6 (2026) , e533-e543
Suggested Citation
Brown L., Hoa N.T., Ly V.T., Li L., Cao C., Youngchim S., Chayakulkeeree M., Bicanic T., Chan J.F.W., Yuen K.Y., Le T. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Talaromycosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Vol.81 No.6 (2026) , e533-e543. e543. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaf253 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/115055
Title
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Talaromycosis
Author's Affiliation
Duke University School of Medicine
Guangzhou Medical University
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Siriraj Hospital
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
The University of Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases
City St George's, University of London
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Guangzhou Medical University
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Siriraj Hospital
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
The University of Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases
City St George's, University of London
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive fungal disease endemic to Southeast Asia. While culture is essential in identification, susceptibility testing, and typing, the low sensitivity and long turnaround times limit its clinical utility. Several promising monoclonal antibody-based (MAb) antigen-detection assays have been evaluated in large patient cohorts. This includes the MAb-Mp1p and MAb-4D1 enzyme immunoassays and their point-of-care platforms. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays targeting the 5.8S or 18S region of ribosomal RNA have been developed. These antigen and qPCR assays are highly specific and more sensitive than blood culture, making them excellent rapid rule-in tests for talaromycosis in people with a compatible clinical syndrome. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is emerging as a promising tool for non-bias detection of talaromycosis. Host-based diagnostics targeting antibodies, interferon-gamma release, and transcriptomics are being actively developed. This review summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis of talaromycosis and provides expert recommendations on the application of these novel tests to improve the diagnostic algorithm and management of talaromycosis.