A qualitative study of traumatic experiences and positive coping strategies: voices from Thai adolescents living in poverty

Abstract

Background: Adolescents living in poverty (ALP) face various challenges that adversely affect their well-being, including exposure to abuse and social exclusion. Despite the high prevalence of poverty in Thailand, there is limited research on their traumatic experiences and coping strategies, particularly in the Asian context. This research aims to address this gap and inform the development of mental health resources for Thai adolescents. Methods: This qualitative study explored the experiences of adolescents facing poverty-related challenges. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 participants, including 6 adolescents aged 13–15 years in lower secondary school, 6 parents, and 6 teachers. All participating adolescents were from low-income families. Data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis, with member checking and triangulation employed to ensure accuracy and credibility. The study followed a constructivist paradigm, focusing on understanding participants’ contextual experiences. Results: The research revealed three themes: (I) impact of poverty on traumatic experiences: adolescents encountered challenges like deprivation of basic needs, family violence, and bullying, often leading to isolation and risky behaviors. (II) Resilience through positive coping strategies: adolescents developed coping mechanisms such as hope, peace through hobbies, and support from trusted individuals. (III) Support needs: adolescents required help in emotional regulation, career guidance, and financial assistance. These themes were derived from adolescents’ perspectives, triangulated with data from parents and teachers, providing a comprehensive view of the support necessary for the adolescent development and well-being. The themes were developed inductively from qualitative data, reflecting participants’ lived experiences without predefined frameworks. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the traumatic experiences and positive coping strategies of ALP in Thailand. It highlights how poverty-related trauma impacts their lives and reveals how they adapt through hope, support, and self-care. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions such as school-based counseling and community support programs to help these adolescents build resilience and improve their mental health.