Microplastics in Rivers from Developing Countries: Current Knowledge and Cost-effective Analysis Methodology Suggestions

Abstract

Rivers are the main pathways for the entrance of microplastics (MPs) into the environment; they can serve as a conduit for MPs to reach the ocean and other bodies of water, spreading the contamination to a broader area. Developing countries contribute 60% to global plastic production and consumption, but knowledge of MPs in their rivers is inadequate. This hampers efforts to manage and mitigate their environmental and human health impacts. The study of MPs in developing countries faces several challenges, including limited expertise, inadequate research equipment, and insufficient infrastructure. This chapter reviewed the MP abundance and methodologies used to collect, quantify, and characterize their presence in rivers from across developing countries worldwide. Drawing from the reviewed knowledge, a detailed and practical procedure for sampling and analyzing MPs in rivers is proposed, with a particular focus on addressing the specific challenges faced by researchers in developing countries. This procedure can serve as a reliable framework for accurately assessing the presence and extent of MP pollution in river samples. However, it is important to note that the procedure may require adaptation based on the unique characteristics of each regionʼs wastewater and treatment plants.