Overview of Diabetic Foot Complications

Abstract

Diabetic foot complications represent a significant clinical and public health challenge. In diabetic neuropathy, peripheral sensory loss reduces protective sensation, making patients unaware of injuries or trauma. Early detection, patient education, lifestyle change, and multidisciplinary management are pivotal in reducing amputations and improving quality of life. Risk factors of diabetes include peripheral neuropathy, foot deformities, uncontrolled blood sugar, insufficient foot hygiene, ill-fitting footwear, and a history of foot ulcers or amputations. Smoking and a prolonged duration of diabetes further increase the risk. Diabetic foot complications include foot ulcers, infections, and, in severe cases can progress to lower limb amputation. Preventive foot care is important in reducing the incidence and severity of diabetic foot complications. Clinical assessment of diabetic foot complications involves evaluating foot ulcers, skin integrity, protective sensation, signs of infection, and structural abnormalities.