Seroincidence Rate of Typhoidal Salmonella in Children, Kenya, 2017–2018
1
Issued Date
2026-03-01
Resource Type
ISSN
10806040
eISSN
10806059
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105033661368
Journal Title
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume
32
Issue
3
Start Page
368
End Page
375
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.32 No.3 (2026) , 368-375
Suggested Citation
Khan A., Kamenskaya P., Rezende I., Mutuku F.M., Ndenga B., Jembe Z., Maina P., Chebii P., Ronga C., Okuta V., Garrett D.O., Bisanzio D., Aiemjoy K., Andrews J.R., Labeaud A.D., Charles R. Seroincidence Rate of Typhoidal Salmonella in Children, Kenya, 2017–2018. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.32 No.3 (2026) , 368-375. 375. doi:10.3201/eid3203.250469 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/115957
Title
Seroincidence Rate of Typhoidal Salmonella in Children, Kenya, 2017–2018
Author's Affiliation
Harvard Medical School
University of California, Davis
Massachusetts General Hospital
Stanford University School of Medicine
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Mahidol University
RTI International
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Technical University of Mombasa
Msambweni County Referral Hospital
Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute
University of California, Davis
Massachusetts General Hospital
Stanford University School of Medicine
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Mahidol University
RTI International
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Technical University of Mombasa
Msambweni County Referral Hospital
Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, results in high rates of illness and death globally. The lack of reliable diagnostic assays limits surveillance, leading to major gaps in understanding the population-level burden in low- and middle-income countries. We applied a novel serologic tool measuring IgG responses to hemolysin E to assess typhoidal Salmonella infection rates in children from 4 communities: 2 in western Kenya (Kisumu and Chulaimbo) and 2 in coastal Kenya (Ukunda and Msambweni). We found a substantially higher enteric fever seroincidence rate in coastal Kenya (37/100 person-years) than in western Kenya (3.6/100 person-years). We found a higher seroincidence rate in households with nonpiped water and lower incomes and in neighborhoods with higher population density. Our findings contribute to Kenya's limited enteric fever surveillance data, especially in the coastal regions. Such information underscores the need for public health interventions, such as typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction, in Kenya.