Graphene Pseudoreference Electrode for the Development of a Practical Paper-Based Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensor
Issued Date
2024-01-09
Resource Type
eISSN
24701343
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85181133711
Journal Title
ACS Omega
Volume
9
Issue
1
Start Page
1634
End Page
1642
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
ACS Omega Vol.9 No.1 (2024) , 1634-1642
Suggested Citation
Ruengpirasiri P., Charoensin P., Aniwattapong A., Natekuekool P., Srisomwat C., Pinyorospathum C., Chaiyo S., Yakoh A. Graphene Pseudoreference Electrode for the Development of a Practical Paper-Based Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensor. ACS Omega Vol.9 No.1 (2024) , 1634-1642. 1642. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c08249 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/95563
Title
Graphene Pseudoreference Electrode for the Development of a Practical Paper-Based Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensor
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Abstract
Paper-based electrochemical devices (PEDs) have emerged as versatile platforms that bridge analytical chemistry and materials science, demonstrating advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the integration of a graphene pseudoreference electrode (GPRE) into a PED, and it exhibits potential advantages over the traditional Ag/AgCl pseudoreference electrode (PRE). In addition, the electrochemical properties and stability of GPRE are compared with those of the traditional Ag/AgCl PRE. The results demonstrate that GPRE exhibits a stable and reproducible potential during electrochemical measurement throughout 180 days, demonstrating its suitability as an alternative to an expensive metal PRE. Furthermore, a GPRE-incorporated paper-based device is designed and evaluated for use in the electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using an in situ bismuth-modified electrode. The GPRE-incorporated PED exhibited good analytical performance, with a low limit of detection of 0.69 and 5.77 ng mL-1 and electrochemical sensitivities of 70.16 and 38.34 μA·mL·μg-1·cm-2 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. More than 99.9% accuracy of the sensor was obtained for both ions with respect to conventional inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results highlight the effectiveness and suitability of the GPRE-incorporated PED as a sensor for various applications, such as environmental monitoring, food quality control, and medical diagnostics.