Conceptualisation of Mental Health Recovery by Health Professionals and Students in Southeast Asia: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Aggregation

Abstract

Introduction: While the recovery approach is gaining recognition in non-Western countries, it remains underexplored in Southeast Asia. This study addressed this gap by examining how health professionals and students conceptualised recovery, providing insights for enhancing mental health practices. Aim: To synthesise how health professionals and students in Southeast Asian countries understand mental health recovery. Methods: A search across CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science identified ten qualitative studies (2006–2024). Data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis were conducted following the JBI methodology. Results: The findings highlighted a medically driven and determined return to normal functioning for individuals living with mental illness. This was classified into six categories: return to being a ‘normal person’, symptom-free status, medication adherence, access to mental health services, living with residual symptoms, and holistic care with a psychosocial focus. Discussion: Medical-oriented practices have dominated mental health care, creating a power imbalance. Training, education, culture, socioeconomic status, and stigma have shaped the understanding of recovery. Implications for Practice and Recommendations: Shared decision-making and formal training prioritising lived experiences are vital to reducing power imbalances. A shift towards recovery-oriented approaches is critically needed to enhance mental health practices in Southeast Asia.