Valorization of Ragi Husk and Its Utilization in the Food Packaging Industry

Abstract

Ragi appeals to consumers due to its high-quality carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and low fat content, as well as its mineral and micronutrient composition, which collectively contribute to its low glycemic index. Furthermore, it possesses noteworthy antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, ragi grains inherently contain a substantial amount of husk and bran, necessitating their removal before consumption. Consequently, a significant quantity of agricultural residue is generated annually, with a considerable portion being disposed of through burning and incineration. This practice leads to the emission of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, posing environmental hazards and economic unsuitability. Nonetheless, post-harvest crop residues offer various advantages, including accessibility, biodegradability, easy renewability, and ecological compatibility. These lignocellulosic residue materials hold considerable potential for application in the composite manufacturing industry. The composite industry is increasingly exploring the use of renewable materials, such as lignocellulosic materials, as reinforcements in polymer composites. This approach can effectively reduce product costs and enhance the value of lignocellulosic biomass residues. Consequently, the utilization of ragi husk as a low-cost lignocellulosic substrate in microbial fermentation processing has garnered attention as a means of waste utilization. This utilization can find applications in food packaging production, including the development of bioplastic and petrochemical plastic packaging. Furthermore, incorporating husk fiber into petrochemical plastic polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, has exhibited sustainable properties encompassing annual availability, thermal stability, and environmental friendliness. This chapter comprehensively addresses two key aspects: the valorization compound of ragi husk and its utilization in food packaging. Detailed discussions regarding challenges and future perspectives are presented.