Situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN countries
18
Issued Date
2022-03-16
Resource Type
eISSN
20597908
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85126914721
Journal Title
BMJ Global Health
Volume
7
Issue
3
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
BMJ Global Health Vol.7 No.3 (2022)
Suggested Citation
Patikorn C. Situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN countries. BMJ Global Health Vol.7 No.3 (2022). doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007639 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/86028
Title
Situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN countries
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun
University of the Philippines Manila
Cho Ray Hospital
Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia
Chulalongkorn University
Bernhard Nocht Institut fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Monash University Malaysia
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
VA Medical Center
University of Utah Health
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute
Faculty of Medicine, UKM
Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital
Hospital Melaka
Myanmar Snakebite Project
Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center
Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan
Setthathirath Hospital
Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun
University of the Philippines Manila
Cho Ray Hospital
Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia
Chulalongkorn University
Bernhard Nocht Institut fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Monash University Malaysia
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
VA Medical Center
University of Utah Health
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute
Faculty of Medicine, UKM
Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital
Hospital Melaka
Myanmar Snakebite Project
Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center
Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan
Setthathirath Hospital
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Introduction Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease posing public health challenges globally. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are among the tropical regions with disproportionately high incidence of snakebite. Hence, this study aimed to review the situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN. Methods This mixed-methods study included comprehensive literature review and in-depth interviews with key informants to assess the situation of management system of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in seven ASEAN countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Myanmar. Data were analysed by a framework method. Results ASEAN have developed various strategies to improve outcomes of snakebite victims. Five domestic antivenom manufacturers in the region produce up to 288 375 vials of antivenoms annually with the value of US$13 058 053 million which could treat 42 213 snakebite victims. However, there remain challenges to be addressed especially the lack of snakebite-related informatics system, inadequate antivenoms at the healthcare facilities and when the majority of snakebite victims seek traditional healers instead of conventional treatment. Conclusion Improving the situation of snakebite and antivenom is not only about the availability of antivenom, but the whole landscape of surrounding management and supporting system. The assessment of the situation of snakebite and antivenom is crucial for countries or regions where snakebites are prevalent to recognise their current standpoint to inform the development of strategies to achieve the goal set by the WHO of halving the global burden of snakebite by 2030.