Understanding Commuting Mode Choices in Bangkok: The Role of Sociodemographics and Urban Structure in Shaping Transportation Preferences

Abstract

This study investigates commuting patterns in Bangkok between 2015 and 2023 and examines the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and spatial factors on commuting mode choices. The microdata from the 2015 and 2023 Migration Survey from the Thailand National Statistical Office were used to identify significant shifts in age distribution, educational attainment, and employment status among commuters. The findings reveal a growing preference for private transport among older, higher-education, and higher-skilled individuals, while public transport continues to serve as a vital mode of commuting for women, employees, and lower-skilled commuters. Therefore, the development of basic infrastructure and transport systems is needed to ensure that they are equally accessible, convenient, and safe for all people. It is also essential to expand public transport routes such as buses, BTS Skytrain, and MRT subway system to the outskirts of Bangkok to reduce reliance on private cars.