The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series
Issued Date
2024-09-01
Resource Type
ISSN
0125877X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85206956450
Pubmed ID
37466962
Journal Title
Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology
Volume
42
Issue
3
Start Page
276
End Page
289
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology Vol.42 No.3 (2024) , 276-289
Suggested Citation
Angkasekwinai N., Niyomnaitham S., Sewatanon J., Phumiamorn S., Sukapirom K., Senawong S., Toh Z.Q., Umrod P., Somporn T., Chumpol S., Ritthitham K., Jantraphakorn Y., Srisutthisamphan K., Chokephaibulkit K. The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology Vol.42 No.3 (2024) , 276-289. 289. doi:10.12932/AP-160123-1533 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/101788
Title
The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series
Author's Affiliation
Siriraj Hospital
University of Melbourne
Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University
Thailand Ministry of Public Health
Mahidol University
Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Disease
University of Melbourne
Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University
Thailand Ministry of Public Health
Mahidol University
Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Disease
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The appropriate COVID-19 booster vaccine following inactivated or adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccines. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled healthy adults who received a two-dose CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 8-12 weeks earlier and allocated them to receive one of the following booster vaccine: inactivated (BBIBP-CorV), ChAdOx1 or mRNA (BNT162b2 at full [30 μg] and half [15 μg] dose) vaccines. We determined the reactogenicity and the humoral (anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG), neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against Delta, Beta and Omicron variants) and cellular immunity measuring by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses post-booster. AR patients. RESULTS: Among the 352 participants (179 CoronaVac and 173 ChAdOx1 participants), 285 (81%) were female, and median age was 39 (IQR: 31-47) years. Two weeks post-booster, both 30 μg- and 15 μg- BNT162b2 induced the highest anti-RBD IgG concentration (BAU/mL); Coronavac-prime: 30 μg-BNT162b2, 5152.2 (95%CI 4491.7-5909.8); 15 μg-BNT162b2, 3981.1 (3397.2-4665.4); ChAdOx1, 1358.0 (1141.8-1615.1); BBIBP-CorV, 154.6 (92.11-259.47); ChAdOx1-prime: 30 μg-BNT162b2, 2363.8 (2005.6-2786.1; 15 μg-BNT162b2, 1961.9 (1624.6-2369.1); ChAdOx1, 246.4 (199.6-304.2); BBIBP-CorV, 128.1 (93.5-175.4). Similarly, both 30 μg- and 15 μg- BNT162b2 boosting induced the highest nAb titers against Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants and highest T-cell response at 2 weeks after boosting. While all BNT162b2 or heterologous ChAdOx1-boosted participants had nAb against Omicron, these were < 50% for BBIBP-CorV and 75% for homologous ChAdOx1-boosted participants. There was significant decrease in nAb ( > 4-fold) at 16-20 weeks post booster for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Heterologous boosting with BNT162b2 following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 primary series is most immunogenic. Additional studies are needed to verify the clinical efficacy and persistence of immunity following half-dose BNT162b2.