Diagnostic Accuracy of Multitarget Stool DNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detecting in Thailand

Abstract

Background: A multitarget stool DNA test offers high sensitivity and specificity for screening and detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) in Western populations. However, its accuracy in Asian people is not well known. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of multitarget stool DNA tests in Thailand. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to November 2023 at a tertiary university hospital in Bangkok. The study included both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients who underwent stool DNA testing followed by colonoscopy. The multitarget stool DNA test targeted methylation statuses of SDC2, ADHFE1, and PPP2R5C genes. Sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic parameters were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 patients (mean age 62.1 years, 60.6% female) were enrolled. CRC was diagnosed in 17.2% of participants and 6.2% had advanced adenomas. The multitarget stool DNA test demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.5% (95% CI: 79.6-97.6) and specificity of 90.3% (95% CI: 85.7-93.8) for CRC detection. Its sensitivity for detecting CRC did not differ between right-sided lesions (92.3%) and left-sided lesions (91.2%) (P=0.901). The sensitivity for detecting CRC lesions size less than 2 cm was significantly lower than for larger lesions (25% vs 91.7%, p<0.001). Notably, the test’s sensitivity and specificity for advanced colorectal neoplasms/cancer were 75.0% (95% CI: 62.6-85.0) and 91.9% (95% CI: 87.4-95.2), respectively. Conclusions: Multitarget stool DNA testing is highly sensitive and specific for CRC detection in Thai individuals. This testing could represent as a viable non-invasive alternative to colonoscopy especially in settings where colonoscopy is less accessible or less accepted by patients.