Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study
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Issued Date
2025-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
0012186X
eISSN
14320428
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85218687064
Journal Title
Diabetologia
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Diabetologia (2025)
Suggested Citation
Plengvidhya N., Suthon S., Nakdontri T., Teerawattanapong N., Ingnang S., Tangjittipokin W. Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study. Diabetologia (2025). doi:10.1007/s00125-025-06373-y Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/105513
Title
Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study
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Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: Type 1 diabetes is categorised into autoantibody positive and autoantibody negative. Most type 1 diabetes research has focused on European populations, leaving a gap in understanding in relation to other ethnic groups, including Thai populations. This lack of data is significant given Thailand’s poor prevention and therapeutic management strategies. We aimed to investigate the frequency and distribution of islet autoantibodies among Thai individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes diagnosed before the age of 30 years. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based study involving 48 hospitals in Thailand from May 2020 to September 2023, enrolling 953 participants. Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with autoantibody-positive and -negative type 1 diabetes were analysed. The autoantibodies GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8 were measured using ELISA. A random C-peptide level was detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: Thai individuals with autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes comprised 34.2% of the population. Among all individuals, the frequency of GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8 was 56%, 37% and 33%, respectively. Autoantibody-negative individuals with type 1 diabetes were older at diagnosis, had higher BMI and had higher random C-peptide levels compared with autoantibody-positive individuals with type 1 diabetes. Female individuals had a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes than male individuals (58% vs 42%; p=1.531 × 10−5). The southern region of Thailand exhibited a distinct pattern of autoantibody frequency compared with other regions (p=0.0001561). Conclusions/interpretation: The frequency, distribution and characteristics of autoantibody-positive and -negative long-standing type 1 diabetes in Thailand showed uniqueness from other populations. This provides insight into the disease that may have implications for type 1 diabetes prediction, treatment and pathogenesis, especially in the Southeast Asian population.