How prices and income influence global patterns in saturated fat intake by age, sex and world region: a cross-sectional analysis of 160 countries
Issued Date
2024-01-22
Resource Type
eISSN
20446055
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85183283906
Pubmed ID
38253455
Journal Title
BMJ Open
Volume
14
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
BMJ Open Vol.14 No.1 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Ahles A., Muhammad A., Yenerall J.N., Reedy J., Shi P., Zhang J., Cudhea F., Erndt-Marino J., Miller V., Mozaffarian D., Abbott P., Abdollahi M., Abedi P., Abumweis S., Adair L., Nsour M.A., Alam I., Al-Daghri N., Sabico S., Alhamad N.A., Al-Hooti S., Alissa E., Al-Zenki S., Anderson S., Anzid K., Arambepola C., Arici M., Arsenault J., Asciak R., Biró L., Barengo N., Barquera S., Dommarco J.R., Illescas-Zarate D., Sánchez-Romero L.M., Ramirez S.R., Silva I.R., Bas M., Becker W., Beer-Borst S., Bergman P., Lindroos A.K., Sipinen J.P., Moraeus L., Boindala S., Bovet P., Bradshaw D., Bundhamcharoen K., Caballero M.T., Calleja N., Cao X., Capanzana M., Carmikle J., Castetbon K., Castro M., Cerdena C., Chang H.Y., Charlton K., Chen Y., Chiplonkar S., Cho Y., Chuah K.A., Costanzo S., Cowan M., Damasceno A., Dastgiri S., Henauw S.D., Lachat C., Deridder K., Ding E., Don R., Duante C., Duleva V., Aguero S.D., Ekbote V., Ati J.E., Eldridge A., El-Kour T., Nikiema L., Elmadfa I., Barbieri H.E., Esteghamati A., Etemad Z., Fadzil F., Farzadfar F., Chan M.F., Fernandez A., Fernando D., Fisberg R., Forsyth S., Delgado E.G., Garriguet D., Gaspoz J.M., Gauci D., Geleijnse J.M., Ginnela B., Grosso G., Guessous I., Gulliford M., Gunnarsdottir I. How prices and income influence global patterns in saturated fat intake by age, sex and world region: a cross-sectional analysis of 160 countries. BMJ Open Vol.14 No.1 (2024). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074562 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/101292
Title
How prices and income influence global patterns in saturated fat intake by age, sex and world region: a cross-sectional analysis of 160 countries
Author(s)
Ahles A.
Muhammad A.
Yenerall J.N.
Reedy J.
Shi P.
Zhang J.
Cudhea F.
Erndt-Marino J.
Miller V.
Mozaffarian D.
Abbott P.
Abdollahi M.
Abedi P.
Abumweis S.
Adair L.
Nsour M.A.
Alam I.
Al-Daghri N.
Sabico S.
Alhamad N.A.
Al-Hooti S.
Alissa E.
Al-Zenki S.
Anderson S.
Anzid K.
Arambepola C.
Arici M.
Arsenault J.
Asciak R.
Biró L.
Barengo N.
Barquera S.
Dommarco J.R.
Illescas-Zarate D.
Sánchez-Romero L.M.
Ramirez S.R.
Silva I.R.
Bas M.
Becker W.
Beer-Borst S.
Bergman P.
Lindroos A.K.
Sipinen J.P.
Moraeus L.
Boindala S.
Bovet P.
Bradshaw D.
Bundhamcharoen K.
Caballero M.T.
Calleja N.
Cao X.
Capanzana M.
Carmikle J.
Castetbon K.
Castro M.
Cerdena C.
Chang H.Y.
Charlton K.
Chen Y.
Chiplonkar S.
Cho Y.
Chuah K.A.
Costanzo S.
Cowan M.
Damasceno A.
Dastgiri S.
Henauw S.D.
Lachat C.
Deridder K.
Ding E.
Don R.
Duante C.
Duleva V.
Aguero S.D.
Ekbote V.
Ati J.E.
Eldridge A.
El-Kour T.
Nikiema L.
Elmadfa I.
Barbieri H.E.
Esteghamati A.
Etemad Z.
Fadzil F.
Farzadfar F.
Chan M.F.
Fernandez A.
Fernando D.
Fisberg R.
Forsyth S.
Delgado E.G.
Garriguet D.
Gaspoz J.M.
Gauci D.
Geleijnse J.M.
Ginnela B.
Grosso G.
Guessous I.
Gulliford M.
Gunnarsdottir I.
Muhammad A.
Yenerall J.N.
Reedy J.
Shi P.
Zhang J.
Cudhea F.
Erndt-Marino J.
Miller V.
Mozaffarian D.
Abbott P.
Abdollahi M.
Abedi P.
Abumweis S.
Adair L.
Nsour M.A.
Alam I.
Al-Daghri N.
Sabico S.
Alhamad N.A.
Al-Hooti S.
Alissa E.
Al-Zenki S.
Anderson S.
Anzid K.
Arambepola C.
Arici M.
Arsenault J.
Asciak R.
Biró L.
Barengo N.
Barquera S.
Dommarco J.R.
Illescas-Zarate D.
Sánchez-Romero L.M.
Ramirez S.R.
Silva I.R.
Bas M.
Becker W.
Beer-Borst S.
Bergman P.
Lindroos A.K.
Sipinen J.P.
Moraeus L.
Boindala S.
Bovet P.
Bradshaw D.
Bundhamcharoen K.
Caballero M.T.
Calleja N.
Cao X.
Capanzana M.
Carmikle J.
Castetbon K.
Castro M.
Cerdena C.
Chang H.Y.
Charlton K.
Chen Y.
Chiplonkar S.
Cho Y.
Chuah K.A.
Costanzo S.
Cowan M.
Damasceno A.
Dastgiri S.
Henauw S.D.
Lachat C.
Deridder K.
Ding E.
Don R.
Duante C.
Duleva V.
Aguero S.D.
Ekbote V.
Ati J.E.
Eldridge A.
El-Kour T.
Nikiema L.
Elmadfa I.
Barbieri H.E.
Esteghamati A.
Etemad Z.
Fadzil F.
Farzadfar F.
Chan M.F.
Fernandez A.
Fernando D.
Fisberg R.
Forsyth S.
Delgado E.G.
Garriguet D.
Gaspoz J.M.
Gauci D.
Geleijnse J.M.
Ginnela B.
Grosso G.
Guessous I.
Gulliford M.
Gunnarsdottir I.
Author's Affiliation
Centre Universitaire de Médecine Générale et Santé Publique, Lausanne
Perdana University
Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Üniversitesi
Al Ain University
Ziauddin University
Jehangir Hospital, Pune
Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Addis Ababa University
Haskoli Islands
University of Colombo Faculty of Medicine
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Universiteit Gent
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
The University of Queensland
Statistics Canada
Nestlé S.A.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Universität Wien
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli
Tufts University
Texas A&M University
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
National Institute of Nutrition India
University of Aberdeen
King Saud University
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
King's College London
Institut de Veille Sanitaire
Università degli Studi di Catania
National Health Research Institutes Taiwan
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
National Center of Public Health Protection Bulgaria
Universidade de São Paulo
Korea University
King Abdulaziz University
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Wageningen University & Research
The University of Manchester
Université Cadi Ayyad
Universidad San Sebastián
University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
BKUC. Edu. Pk
Senior Intellectual Property Office
Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network: Emphnet
Fhi Solutions
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Surven Rl
Herbert Wetheim College of Medicine
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI): Sbmu
Belgian Public Health Institute
School of Public Health
Public Authority for Food and Nutrition
Directorate of Health
Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Directorate for Health Information and Research
National Institute of Public Health (INSP)
Swedish National Food Agency
Departamento de Alimentação Escolar
Perdana University
Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Üniversitesi
Al Ain University
Ziauddin University
Jehangir Hospital, Pune
Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Addis Ababa University
Haskoli Islands
University of Colombo Faculty of Medicine
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Universiteit Gent
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
The University of Queensland
Statistics Canada
Nestlé S.A.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Universität Wien
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli
Tufts University
Texas A&M University
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
National Institute of Nutrition India
University of Aberdeen
King Saud University
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
King's College London
Institut de Veille Sanitaire
Università degli Studi di Catania
National Health Research Institutes Taiwan
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
National Center of Public Health Protection Bulgaria
Universidade de São Paulo
Korea University
King Abdulaziz University
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Wageningen University & Research
The University of Manchester
Université Cadi Ayyad
Universidad San Sebastián
University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
BKUC. Edu. Pk
Senior Intellectual Property Office
Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network: Emphnet
Fhi Solutions
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Surven Rl
Herbert Wetheim College of Medicine
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI): Sbmu
Belgian Public Health Institute
School of Public Health
Public Authority for Food and Nutrition
Directorate of Health
Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Directorate for Health Information and Research
National Institute of Public Health (INSP)
Swedish National Food Agency
Departamento de Alimentação Escolar
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objective When considering proposals to improve diets, it is important to understand how factors like price and income can affect saturated fat (SF) intake and demand. In this study, we examine and estimate the influence of price and income on intake across 160 countries, by age and sex, and derive sensitivity measures (price elasticities) that vary by age, sex and world region. Design We econometrically estimate intake responsiveness to income and prices across countries, accounting for differences by world region, age and sex. Intake data by age, sex and country were obtained from the 2018 Global Dietary Database. These data were then linked to global price data for select food groups from the World Bank International Comparison Programme and income data from the World Development Indicators Databank (World Bank). Results Intake differences due to price were highly significant, with a 1% increase in price associated with a lower SF intake (% energy/d) of about 4.3 percentage points. We also find significant differences across regions. In high-income countries, median (age 40) intake reductions were 1.4, 0.8 and 0.2 percentage points, given a 1% increase in the price of meat, dairy, and oils and fats, respectively. Price elasticities varied with age but not sex. Intake differences due to income were insignificant when regional binary variables were included in the analysis. Conclusion The results of this study show heterogeneous associations among prices and intake within and across countries. Policymakers should consider these heterogeneous effects as they address global nutrition and health challenges.