Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms
Issued Date
2024-09-27
Resource Type
eISSN
18248039
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85212281823
Journal Title
Proceedings of Science
Volume
444
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Proceedings of Science Vol.444 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Chen X., Zhou X., Yang C., Huang D., Cao Z., Aharonian F., An Q., Axikegu, Bai Y.X., Bao Y.W., Bastieri D., Bi X.J., Bi Y.J., Cai J.T., Cao Q., Cao W.Y., Cao Z., Chang J., Chang J.F., Chen A.M., Chen E.S., Chen L., Chen L., Chen L., Chen M.J., Chen M.L., Chen Q.H., Chen S.H., Chen S.Z., Chen T.L., Chen Y., Cheng N., Cheng Y.D., Cui M.Y., Cui S.W., Cui X.H., Cui Y.D., Dai B.Z., Dai H.L., Dai Z.G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe D., Dong X.Q., Duan K.K., Fan J.H., Fan Y.Z., Fang J., Fang K., Feng C.F., Feng L., Feng S.H., Feng X.T., Feng Y.L., Gabici S., Gao B., Gao C.D., Gao L.Q., Gao Q., Gao W., Gao W.K., Ge M.M., Geng L.S., Giacinti G., Gong G.H., Gou Q.B., Gu M.H., Guo F.L., Guo X.L., Guo Y.Q., Guo Y.Y., Han Y.A., He H.H., He H.N., He J.Y., He X.B., He Y., Heller M., Hor Y.K., Hou B.W., Hou C., Hou X., Hu H.B., Hu Q., Hu S.C., Huang D.H., Huang T.Q., Huang W.J., Huang X.T., Huang X.Y., Huang Y., Huang Z.C., Ji X.L., Jia H.Y., Jia K., Jiang K., Jiang X.W., Jiang Z.J., Jin M., Kang M.M., Ke T. Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms. Proceedings of Science Vol.444 (2024). Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/102497
Title
Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms
Author(s)
Chen X.
Zhou X.
Yang C.
Huang D.
Cao Z.
Aharonian F.
An Q.
Axikegu
Bai Y.X.
Bao Y.W.
Bastieri D.
Bi X.J.
Bi Y.J.
Cai J.T.
Cao Q.
Cao W.Y.
Cao Z.
Chang J.
Chang J.F.
Chen A.M.
Chen E.S.
Chen L.
Chen L.
Chen L.
Chen M.J.
Chen M.L.
Chen Q.H.
Chen S.H.
Chen S.Z.
Chen T.L.
Chen Y.
Cheng N.
Cheng Y.D.
Cui M.Y.
Cui S.W.
Cui X.H.
Cui Y.D.
Dai B.Z.
Dai H.L.
Dai Z.G.
Danzengluobu
della Volpe D.
Dong X.Q.
Duan K.K.
Fan J.H.
Fan Y.Z.
Fang J.
Fang K.
Feng C.F.
Feng L.
Feng S.H.
Feng X.T.
Feng Y.L.
Gabici S.
Gao B.
Gao C.D.
Gao L.Q.
Gao Q.
Gao W.
Gao W.K.
Ge M.M.
Geng L.S.
Giacinti G.
Gong G.H.
Gou Q.B.
Gu M.H.
Guo F.L.
Guo X.L.
Guo Y.Q.
Guo Y.Y.
Han Y.A.
He H.H.
He H.N.
He J.Y.
He X.B.
He Y.
Heller M.
Hor Y.K.
Hou B.W.
Hou C.
Hou X.
Hu H.B.
Hu Q.
Hu S.C.
Huang D.H.
Huang T.Q.
Huang W.J.
Huang X.T.
Huang X.Y.
Huang Y.
Huang Z.C.
Ji X.L.
Jia H.Y.
Jia K.
Jiang K.
Jiang X.W.
Jiang Z.J.
Jin M.
Kang M.M.
Ke T.
Zhou X.
Yang C.
Huang D.
Cao Z.
Aharonian F.
An Q.
Axikegu
Bai Y.X.
Bao Y.W.
Bastieri D.
Bi X.J.
Bi Y.J.
Cai J.T.
Cao Q.
Cao W.Y.
Cao Z.
Chang J.
Chang J.F.
Chen A.M.
Chen E.S.
Chen L.
Chen L.
Chen L.
Chen M.J.
Chen M.L.
Chen Q.H.
Chen S.H.
Chen S.Z.
Chen T.L.
Chen Y.
Cheng N.
Cheng Y.D.
Cui M.Y.
Cui S.W.
Cui X.H.
Cui Y.D.
Dai B.Z.
Dai H.L.
Dai Z.G.
Danzengluobu
della Volpe D.
Dong X.Q.
Duan K.K.
Fan J.H.
Fan Y.Z.
Fang J.
Fang K.
Feng C.F.
Feng L.
Feng S.H.
Feng X.T.
Feng Y.L.
Gabici S.
Gao B.
Gao C.D.
Gao L.Q.
Gao Q.
Gao W.
Gao W.K.
Ge M.M.
Geng L.S.
Giacinti G.
Gong G.H.
Gou Q.B.
Gu M.H.
Guo F.L.
Guo X.L.
Guo Y.Q.
Guo Y.Y.
Han Y.A.
He H.H.
He H.N.
He J.Y.
He X.B.
He Y.
Heller M.
Hor Y.K.
Hou B.W.
Hou C.
Hou X.
Hu H.B.
Hu Q.
Hu S.C.
Huang D.H.
Huang T.Q.
Huang W.J.
Huang X.T.
Huang X.Y.
Huang Y.
Huang Z.C.
Ji X.L.
Jia H.Y.
Jia K.
Jiang K.
Jiang X.W.
Jiang Z.J.
Jin M.
Kang M.M.
Ke T.
Author's Affiliation
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics
Université Paris Cité
Yunnan Observatories
Nanjing University
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong University
Yunnan University
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Guangzhou University
Tsinghua University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Sun Yat-Sen University
University of Science and Technology of China
Zhengzhou University
Institiúid Ard-Lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
Sichuan University
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
Southwest Jiaotong University
Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
Université de Genève
Hebei Normal University
Tibet University
TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center
Université Paris Cité
Yunnan Observatories
Nanjing University
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong University
Yunnan University
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Guangzhou University
Tsinghua University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Sun Yat-Sen University
University of Science and Technology of China
Zhengzhou University
Institiúid Ard-Lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
Sichuan University
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
Southwest Jiaotong University
Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
Université de Genève
Hebei Normal University
Tibet University
TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.