Combination of a 755-nm picosecond laser and hydroquinone 2% cream versus hydroquinone 2% cream alone for the treatment of melasma: A randomized, split-face, and controlled trial

Abstract

Background: While combined laser and topical treatments are currently a common approach to melasma treatment, data on the efficacy and safety of this combined therapy remain scarce, with studies showing varied results. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of hydroquinone (HQ) cream alone versus HQ cream combined with 755-nm picosecond (PS) laser in the treatment of melasma. Method: Twenty subjects presenting with mixed-type melasma were enrolled in the study. All patients were instructed to apply 2% HQ cream to both sides of the face for 4 weeks. Randomly assigned hemifaces of all patients thereafter received 5 biweekly PS laser treatments. Objective (measurement of average melanin content and melanin index) and subjective (grading of modified melasma area and severity index [mMASI] score and global percentage of pigment clearance) assessments of melasma clearance, and occurrence of adverse effects were evaluated at 1-, 3-, and 6-months after the final laser treatment. Results: mMASI scores were significantly improved from baseline for both sides (p = 0.006 HQ alone, p < 0.001 HQ + PS laser), with no statistically significant difference when comparing HQ alone versus HQ + PS laser. Objective assessments (measurements of average melanin content and melanin index) of melasma clearance corresponded to the clinical evaluation using mMASI score. Mild postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was observed in 15% of the patients on the laser-treated side, while no adverse effects were reported on the HQ monotherapy side. Conclusions: Adjunctive treatment with a 755-nm PS laser does not provide additional benefit to topical HQ in the treatment of melasma. ClinicalTrail.gov PRS. number: NCT04597203.