Dysfunctional host cellular immune responses are associated with mortality in melioidosis
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
22221751
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85200271793
Pubmed ID
39008280
Journal Title
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Volume
13
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Emerging Microbes and Infections Vol.13 No.1 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Wright S.W., Ekchariyawat P., Sengyee S., Phunpang R., Dulsuk A., Saiprom N., Thiansukhon E., Pattanapanyasat K., Korbsrisate S., West T.E., Chantratita N. Dysfunctional host cellular immune responses are associated with mortality in melioidosis. Emerging Microbes and Infections Vol.13 No.1 (2024). doi:10.1080/22221751.2024.2380822 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/100378
Title
Dysfunctional host cellular immune responses are associated with mortality in melioidosis
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Melioidosis is a tropical infection caused by the intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, an underreported and emerging global threat. As melioidosis-associated mortality is frequently high despite antibiotics, novel management strategies are critically needed. Therefore, we sought to determine whether functional changes in the host innate and adaptive immune responses are induced during acute melioidosis and are associated with outcome. Using a unique whole blood stimulation assay developed for use in resource-limited settings, we examined induced cellular functional and phenotypic changes in a cohort of patients with bacteremic melioidosis prospectively enrolled within 24 h of positive blood culture and followed for 28 days. Compared to healthy controls, melioidosis survivors generated an IL-17 response mediated by Th17 cells and terminally-differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells (P <.05, both), persisting to 28 days after enrolment. Furthermore, melioidosis survivors developed polyfunctional cytokine production in CD8+ T cells (P <.01). Conversely, a reduction in CCR6+ CD4+ T cells was associated with higher mortality, even after adjustments for severity of illness (P = 0.004). Acute melioidosis was also associated with a profound acute impairment in monocyte function as stimulated cytokine responses were reduced in classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Impaired monocyte cytokine function improved by 28-days after enrolment. These data suggest that IL-17 mediated cellular responses may be contributors to host defense during acute melioidosis, and that innate immune function may be impaired. These insights could provide novel targets for the development of therapies and vaccine targets in this frequently lethal disease.