Beyond the Lungs: A Narrative Review of Cardiopulmonary Risk Reduction and Management Perspectives in Thai COPD Patients

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and results in chronic lung damage and airway obstruction, significantly impacting individual health. Apart from increased all-cause mortality, COPD exacerbations are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular (CV) events—driven by shared risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms—with peaks in the first 30 days of post-exacerbation. Therefore, cardiopulmonary risk management is essential during this vulnerable period. This narrative review was developed through an evaluation of clinical studies, guideline recommendations and Thailand-specific data to outline cardiopulmonary linkage in COPD and propose post-COPD exacerbation management. Patient management strategies include optimized pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, integrated cardiopulmonary care and CV risk assessment to reduce exacerbations, mortality and CV-related events, particularly in COPD patients with established or suspected CV diseases. Furthermore, implementation of these concepts should emphasize strengthening multidisciplinary awareness among pulmonary and cardiology through professional education, continuing-development activities and integration of collaborative care into national guidelines.