Localized corticosteroid delivery in alopecia areata using microneedle patch technology

Abstract

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Current treatment options, such as intralesional corticosteroid (ILCS) injections, are effective but often associated with adverse effects, including pain, skin atrophy, and reduced patient compliance. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of a corticosteroid-loaded microneedle patch as an alternative treatment modality for AA. Methods: A prospective experimental study was conducted on patients diagnosed with patch-type AA. Participants received treatment at intervals of 4–6 weeks for a total duration of 24–36 weeks using a corticosteroid-loaded microneedle patch. Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated using hair regrowth scales, dermoscopic findings, and pain scores. Results: The study enrolled 14 participants, totaling 24 treated patches. Significant hair regrowth was observed, with a mean regrowth scale (RGS) increasing to 2.4 by the 16–24 week period and reaching 4 by 24–36 weeks. Dermoscopic analysis showed reductions in black dots and yellow dots, while vellus hairs increased. Mean pain scores remained low throughout treatment, ranging from 1.00 to 3.00, highlighting the treatment’s good tolerability compared to traditional intralesional injections. Conclusions: Microneedle patch-based corticosteroid delivery demonstrated efficacy comparable to ILCS injections, with the added advantage of reduced treatment-related pain and potentially enhanced patient compliance.