Trauma- and nontrauma-related Active Bleeders of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Pictorial Review

Abstract

This pictorial review examines the critical identification and characterization of active bleeders using computed tomography (CT) with multiphasic protocols. It explores the significant role of imaging modalities in detecting internal hemorrhages caused by traumatic and nontraumatic events. The discussion includes the advantages and limitations of CT and elaborates on the interpretation of CT findings, especially focusing on distinguishing active vascular contrast extravasation from other vascular injuries and mimics. It underscores the importance of recognizing the dynamic nature of bleeding patterns and the influence of hemodynamic status on diagnostic imaging. It aims to enhance the diagnostic confidence of radiologists and improve patient outcomes in acute settings.