Structural properties and sustained antimicrobial activity of thymol-loaded cellulose nanofibers from one-pot synthesis via in situ dynamic microfluidization
2
Issued Date
2025-05-01
Resource Type
ISSN
01418130
eISSN
18790003
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85219726573
Journal Title
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Volume
306
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Vol.306 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Wanmolee W., Kraithong W., Phanthasri J., Pipattanaporn P., Samun Y., Youngjan S., Yodsin N., Saengsrichan A., Treetong A., Phawa C., Pakawanit P., Fuangnawakij K., Laurenti D., Geantet C., Sakdaronnarong C., Khemthong P., Sukrong S. Structural properties and sustained antimicrobial activity of thymol-loaded cellulose nanofibers from one-pot synthesis via in situ dynamic microfluidization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Vol.306 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141712 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/106664
Title
Structural properties and sustained antimicrobial activity of thymol-loaded cellulose nanofibers from one-pot synthesis via in situ dynamic microfluidization
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Abstract
The physicochemical properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are significantly influenced by their production methods and surface modifications. This study presents an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing CNFs impregnated with thymol via a single-step in-situ dynamic high-pressure microfluidization process. Optimal conditions for preserving the intrinsic structure and desirable properties of CNFs were explored using various ethanol-water ratios with thymol. The physicochemical properties and characteristics of CNFs were analyzed using advanced techniques. Thymol-impregnated CNFs at an ethanol-to-water ratio of 10:90 (E10W90) demonstrated a sustained cumulative release of up to 27.5 % over 50 h and complete inhibition of bacterial growth within 3 h against S. aureus and E. coli. Density functional theory analysis indicated that thymol adsorption onto the CNF surface is facilitated by hydrogen bonding. This investigation proposes a novel, energy-efficient method for thymol impregnation, achieving prolonged antimicrobial activity without complex surface modifications.