Patterns and prognosis of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries

Issued Date

2022-03-01

Resource Type

Article

eISSN

19326203

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0264157

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85127235116

Pubmed ID

35353840

Journal Title

PLoS ONE

Volume

17

Issue

3 March

Rights Holder(s)

SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

PLoS ONE Vol.17 No.3 March (2022)

Suggested Citation

Kim J.H., Jiamsakul A., Kiertiburanakul S., Huy B.V., Khusuwan S., Kumarasamy N., Ng O.T., Ly P.S., Lee M.P., Chan Y.J., Gani Y.M., Azwa I., Avihingsanon A., Merati T.P., Pujari S., Chaiwarith R., Zhang F., Tanuma J., Do C.D., Ditangco R., Yunihastuti E., Ross J., Choi J.Y., Khol V., Zhao H.X., Han N., Li P.C.K., Lam W., Chan Y.T., Ezhilarasi C., Joshi K., Gaikwad S., Chitalikar A., Sangle S., Mave V., Marbaniang I., Nimkar S., Wirawan D.N., Yuliana F., Widhani A., Maria S., Karjadi T.H., Oka S., Nishijima T., Na S., Kim J.M., Rudi N.B., Kamarulzaman A., Omar S.F.S., Ponnampalavanar S., Pasayan M.K., Mationg M.L., Ku W.W., Wu P.C., Ke E., Lim P.L., Lee L.S., Liang D., Gatechompol S., Phanuphak P., Phadungphon C., Phuphuakrat A., Chumla L., Sanmeema N., Sirisanthana T., Praparattanapan J., Nuket K., Kantipong P., Kambua P., Nguyen K.V., Bui H.V., Nguyen D.T.H., Nguyen D.T.H., Ngo A.V., Nguyen L.T., Sohn A.H., Petersen B., Law M.G., Bijker R., Rupasinghe D. Patterns and prognosis of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries. PLoS ONE Vol.17 No.3 March (2022). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264157 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/86594

Title

Patterns and prognosis of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries

Author(s)

Kim J.H.
 Jiamsakul A.
 Kiertiburanakul S.
 Huy B.V.
 Khusuwan S.
 Kumarasamy N.
 Ng O.T.
 Ly P.S.
 Lee M.P.
 Chan Y.J.
 Gani Y.M.
 Azwa I.
 Avihingsanon A.
 Merati T.P.
 Pujari S.
 Chaiwarith R.
 Zhang F.
 Tanuma J.
 Do C.D.
 Ditangco R.
 Yunihastuti E.
 Ross J.
 Choi J.Y.
 Khol V.
 Zhao H.X.
 Han N.
 Li P.C.K.
 Lam W.
 Chan Y.T.
 Ezhilarasi C.
 Joshi K.
 Gaikwad S.
 Chitalikar A.
 Sangle S.
 Mave V.
 Marbaniang I.
 Nimkar S.
 Wirawan D.N.
 Yuliana F.
 Widhani A.
 Maria S.
 Karjadi T.H.
 Oka S.
 Nishijima T.
 Na S.
 Kim J.M.
 Rudi N.B.
 Kamarulzaman A.
 Omar S.F.S.
 Ponnampalavanar S.
 Pasayan M.K.
 Mationg M.L.
 Ku W.W.
 Wu P.C.
 Ke E.
 Lim P.L.
 Lee L.S.
 Liang D.
 Gatechompol S.
 Phanuphak P.
 Phadungphon C.
 Phuphuakrat A.
 Chumla L.
 Sanmeema N.
 Sirisanthana T.
 Praparattanapan J.
 Nuket K.
 Kantipong P.
 Kambua P.
 Nguyen K.V.
 Bui H.V.
 Nguyen D.T.H.
 Nguyen D.T.H.
 Ngo A.V.
 Nguyen L.T.
 Sohn A.H.
 Petersen B.
 Law M.G.
 Bijker R.
 Rupasinghe D.

Author's Affiliation

Hospital Sungai Buloh
 Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University
 VHS Medical Centre India
 Gokila
 Bach Mai Hospital
 Universitas Udayana
 Universitas Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
 The Kirby Institute
 National Center for Global Health and Medicine
 The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration
 Yonsei University College of Medicine
 Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
 Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong
 University of Malaya Medical Centre
 Veterans General Hospital-Taipei
 Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
 Tan Tock Seng Hospital
 National Hospital for Tropical Diseases
 Foundation for AIDS Research
 Institute of Infectious Diseases
 Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital
 National Center for HIV/AIDS
 Research Institute for Health Sciences
 Sassoon General Hospital

Other Contributor(s)

Mahidol University

Abstract

The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral options can have effects on outcomes and future treatment options. We aimed to investigate the use of holding regimens for PLWH in Asian countries. Data from adults enrolled in routine HIV care in IeDEA Asia-Pacific cohorts were included. Individuals were considered to be on holding regimen if they had been on combination antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, had two confirmed viral loads (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, and had remained on the same medications for at least 6 months. Survival time was analyzed using Fine and Gray's competing risk regression. Factors associated with CD4 changes and VL <1000 copies/mL were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. A total of 425 PLWH (72.9% male; 45.2% high-income and 54.8% low-to-middle-income country) met criteria for being on a holding regimen. From high-income countries, 63.0% were on protease inhibitors (PIs); from low-to-middle-income countries, 58.4% were on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); overall, 4.5% were on integrase inhibitors. The combination of lamivudine, zidovudine, and efavirenz was the most commonly used single regimen (n = 46, 10.8%), followed by lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine (n = 37, 8.7%). Forty-one PLWH (9.7%) died during follow-up (mortality rate 2.0 per 100 person-years). Age >50 years compared to age 31-40 years (sub-hazard ratio [SHR] 3.29, 95% CI 1.45-7.43, p = 0.004), and VL ≥1000 copies/ml compared to VL <1000 copies/mL (SHR, 2.14, 95% CI 1.08-4.25, p = 0.029) were associated with increased mortality, while higher CD4 counts were protective. In our Asia regional cohort, there was a diversity of holding regimens, and the patterns of PI vs. NNRTI use differed by country income levels. Considering the high mortality rate of PLWH with holding regimen, efforts to extend accessibility to additional antiretroviral options are needed in our region.

Keyword(s)

Multidisciplinary

Availability

URI

https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/86594

Collections

Scopus 2022