Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study
Issued Date
2023-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
22962565
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85157984891
Pubmed ID
37151588
Journal Title
Frontiers in Public Health
Volume
11
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Frontiers in Public Health Vol.11 (2023)
Suggested Citation
Sanchez Picot V., Keovichith I., Paboriboune P., Flaissier B., Saadatian-Elahi M., Rudge J.W. Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study. Frontiers in Public Health Vol.11 (2023). doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124016 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/82478
Title
Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: Data on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae among influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ILI cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced among infants in October 2013. Methods: Active ILI surveillance was conducted through weekly phone calls in an open community-based cohort study (April 2015–February 2019), involving 5,690 participants from 1,142 randomly selected households. Participants reporting ILI symptoms provided a nasopharyngeal swab and answered a questionnaire. S. pneumoniae and serotype pneumococcal-positive samples were screened by Multiplex PCR assays. Chi-squared tests and generalized linear mixed models were used to test for variables associated with pneumococcal positivity. Results: Among 1,621 ILI episodes, 269 (16.6%) tested positive for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage, with the highest prevalence (55.4%) in children under 5 years. Pneumococcal carriage was significantly associated with concurrent detection of Hemophilus influenzae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.93; 95% CI: 2.10–22.9) and exposure to household cigarette smoke (aOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.07–2.54). PCV13 serotypes accounted for 37.8% of all pneumococcal isolates. Detection of PCV13 serotypes among ILI cases aged under 5 years declined significantly between 2015/16 and 2018/19. Conclusions: Community-based surveillance of S. pneumoniae among ILI cases complement surveillance at healthcare facilities to provide a more complete picture of pneumococcal carriage. Our findings contribute also to the growing body of evidence on the effects of PCV13 introduction on circulating serotypes and their potential replacement.