Determination of promethazine in forensic samples using multi-walled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle electrochemical sensor
6
Issued Date
2023-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
17599660
eISSN
17599679
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85181475029
Journal Title
Analytical Methods
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Analytical Methods (2023)
Suggested Citation
Chanjamsri N., Phonchai A., Ngamchuea K., Nacapricha D., Wilairat P., Chaisiwamongkhol K. Determination of promethazine in forensic samples using multi-walled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle electrochemical sensor. Analytical Methods (2023). doi:10.1039/d3ay01706k Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/95606
Title
Determination of promethazine in forensic samples using multi-walled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle electrochemical sensor
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor was developed based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the determination of promethazine (PMZ) in ‘purple drank’, pharmaceutical formulations, and synthetic saliva. The oxidation of PMZ at the modified electrode occurred at a higher cathodic potential and produced a higher sensitivity compared to the unmodified GCE. The morphology of the modified electrode was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of MWCNTs and AuNPs was confirmed. The optimized parameters included the concentration and pH of the supporting electrolyte, amount of modifiers used to fabricate the electrode, deposition potential, and time. Using these optimized conditions, the method has a linear range from 0.5 to 100 μmol L−1, with a R2 value of 0.9991. The limit of detection (3SDblank/slope) was 0.13 μmol L−1. The proposed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of PMZ in ‘purple drank’, pharmaceutical formulations, and spiked synthetic saliva samples. The results obtained from this sensor were in statistical agreement with the values obtained using the reference gas chromatography-flame ionization method.