Anatomical evaluation of posterior condylar canal: a study on dry adult Thai skulls
Issued Date
2026-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
16443284
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105031970149
Pubmed ID
40326093
Journal Title
Folia Morphologica
Volume
85
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Folia Morphologica Vol.85 (2026) , e01726012
Suggested Citation
Sae-Lim P., Wipaswatcharayotin P., Thintharua P., Chentanez V. Anatomical evaluation of posterior condylar canal: a study on dry adult Thai skulls. Folia Morphologica Vol.85 (2026) , e01726012. doi:10.5603/fm.105244 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/115708
Title
Anatomical evaluation of posterior condylar canal: a study on dry adult Thai skulls
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The posterior condylar canal (PCC) is a crucial structure facilitating venous drainage from the intracranial venous sinuses to the extracranial system. This study was aimed at providing anatomical insights into the PCC's prevalence, and the location and diameter of the extracranial and intracranial orifices, with the goal of aiding surgical procedures involving the posterior skull base, foramen magnum, and jugular foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred dry skulls (100 male and 100 female) were examined. The PCC was traced using a flexible wire through its extracranial orifice. Its location was categorised relative to the posterior edge of the occipital condyle (PEOC) into lateral, middle, or medial thirds. The intracranial orifice was classified as intrajugular, intrasinus, or retrosinus. The maximum diameter of the extracranial orifice was measured. RESULTS: The PCC was present in 79.5% of skulls, with bilateral occurrence in 39.5%, right unilateral in 22%, and left unilateral in 18%. In 20.5% of cases, the PCC was absent. A double PCC was observed in a single skull. No statistically significant difference in PCC prevalence was found between sexes. The extracranial orifice was most commonly located in the lateral third of the PEOC (41.4%). The most prevalent intracranial orifice type was intrajugular (46.6%). The average PCC diameter was 3.77 ± 1.0 mm. No statistically significant difference was observed between sides in either extracranial location or intracranial orifice type. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the anatomical variations of the PCC is clinically important for radiologists in interpreting pathological conditions, and for neurosurgeons in planning surgeries involving the occipital condyle region.