The modification of Hematoxylin staining method for plasmodium SPP in human peripheral blood smear

Abstract

Malarial disease remains one of the major public health problems in the tropical and subtropical countries. Nowadays, the microscopic diagnosis of this disease is essential; human peripheral blood smear is stained with Wright staining or Field staining and examined under light microscope for the detection of the parasite. Although the treatment continuously has been improved; however, For the best result of treatment, malarial count in the blood smear is always used during the period of treatment. In all others forms of malaria, the diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of nuclei and cytoplasm in red blood cell in a smear. The organism are best revealed by Wright’s stain, the nuclei appear as red round or red ovoid structures and the cytoplasm was bluish-violet in the reddishviolet red blood cell. The identification of the blood stages of closely allied species of parasites presents unusual difficulties, because the morphology and behavior of the organisms are easily affected by minute changes of technique. The most satisfactory procedure is to compare the blood smears under identical condition, i.e. at the same time, in similar stages of the infection in a host of the same age and species and stained by precisely similar methods, indicating the brand of strain, and the diluents. Malarial parasite in blood smears can be stained with a variety of dyes. Some of the stains consist of a complex mixture of refine methylene blue and eosin that result the nuclei of the organism appear as red round while the cytoplasm was bluish-violet in the reddish-violet red blood cell. In some cases, there were few malarial parasite in the blood smear and the color of the reddish-violet red blood cell interferes the identification. We modified hematoxylin staining method for the staining of Plasmodium spp in human peripheral blood smear. In this modification method, the parasite took on a bluish stain while the red blood cell was colorless.