Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Issued Date
2024-02-01
Resource Type
eISSN
2076393X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85185673566
Journal Title
Vaccines
Volume
12
Issue
2
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Vaccines Vol.12 No.2 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Suntronwong N., Kanokudom S., Auphimai C., Thongmee T., Assawakosri S., Vichaiwattana P., Yorsaeng R., Duangchinda T., Chantima W., Pakchotanon P., Nilyanimit P., Srimuan D., Thatsanathorn T., Sudhinaraset N., Wanlapakorn N., Poovorawan Y. Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines Vol.12 No.2 (2024). doi:10.3390/vaccines12020180 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/97414
Title
Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Numerous studies have largely focused on short-term immunogenicity in recovered individuals post mRNA vaccination. However, understanding the long-term durability, particularly in inactivated and adenoviral vectored vaccines, remains limited. We evaluated antibody responses, omicron variant neutralization, and IFN-γ responses in 119 previously infected individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 up to six months post-vaccination. Both vaccines elicited robust immune responses in recovered individuals, surpassing those who were infection-naïve, and these persisted above pre-vaccination levels for six months. However, antibody levels declined over time (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 0.52 for both vaccines). Notably, neutralizing activities against omicron declined faster in ChAdOx1 (GMR = 0.6) compared to CoronaVac recipients (GMR = 1.03). While the first dose of ChAdOx1 adequately induced immune responses in recovered individuals, a second dose demonstrated advantages in omicron variant neutralization and slower decline. Although both vaccines induced T cell responses, the median IFN-γ level at six months returned to pre-vaccination levels. However, more individuals exhibited reactive T cell responses. Extending the interval (13–15 months) between infection and vaccination could enhance antibody levels and broaden neutralization. Together, these findings demonstrate a robust humoral and cellular response that was sustained for at least six months after vaccination, thus guiding optimal vaccination strategies based on prior infection and vaccine platforms.