Fatigue and psychospirituality of multi-sensory leisure
1
Issued Date
2010-05-23
Resource Type
Language
eng
ISBN
9789743648922
Rights
Mahidol University
Rights Holder(s)
Mahidol University
Suggested Citation
Supalak Khemthong, ศุภลักษณ์ เข็มทอง (2010). Fatigue and psychospirituality of multi-sensory leisure. Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/30111
Title
Fatigue and psychospirituality of multi-sensory leisure
Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
This pilot-study has highlighted psychospirituality, a dimension of wellbeing,
in three case studies with or without fatigue secondary to chronic conditions
(FSCC). A rationale of this study was that fatigue management in multi-sensory
leisure may improve self-efficacy, an indicator of psychospiritual well-being, in those
case studies. The FSCC is the least well-managed symptom in relation with reducing
well-being (Sharpe Wilks, 2002). Aaronson et al. (1999, p. 46) defined the FSCC
as “the awareness of a decreased capacity for physical and/or mental activity due to
an imbalance in the availability, utilization and/or restoration of resources needed to
perform activity.” This definition has shown the resources or environments prepared
for individual and purposeful activities of daily livings, particularly in leisure which
is defined as a free time at non-working or life-sustaining activities (Leitner and
Leither, 2004). Moreover, an effective resource of leisure has been reviewed that it
should be consisted of multi-sensory environment, activity choices of interest, and
individual participation. This statement is based on the self-determination theory
(SDT) (Deci and Ryan, 1985; Ryan and Deci, 2000) focusing on the degree of
motivation related to psychospiritual learning, performance, and experience of
human. Coleman and Iso-Ahola (1993) also agreed with the SDT that leisure
activities designed in various forms of self-determination and social participation
may reduce life stress of the individuals.
Life-stress is accumulated when people have experienced FSCC, such as:
cancer or rheumatoid arthritis. Many health professionals use the self-management
model of chronic care in people with FSCC by giving medication and therapeutic
activities, teaching coping skills with depression or other emotional consequence, and
changing the client’s self-efficacy or confidence of performance (Corbin Strauss,
1988 cited in Lorig Holman, 2003). Importantly, the confident behavior of
the individuals is intrinsically expressed in self-determination and life choices of
satisfaction (Hammell, 2001). While the individuals are living with chronic
conditions (e.g., hypertension, heart disease, cancer) their confident behaviors need
different connections of spiritual/mental well-being and religious commitment
(Hassed, 2000). Fitchett, Brady, Hernandez, Cella (2002) found a positive effect
of religious beliefs on spiritual well-being of people with cancer, but the sense of
spiritual well-being may be explained in an abstract dimension toward health
692
Global Recovery :
through Mental Well-being
benefits. This study also mentioned gaps of connection among the self-management
upon chronic conditions, the religious beliefs (institutional practice) and
the measurable spirituality (meaningfulness of life experience). In order to fill those
gaps, Kang (2003) reviewed many conceptual frameworks in various fields including
occupational therapy, occupational science, behavioral medicine, and religious
studies.
A model of psychospiritual integration or PSI (Kang, 2003, p. 97) is created
in order to articulate personal performance of life activities, community,
environment, and spirituality (self-observation of the nature and organized feeling
based on the Buddhist ‘enlightenment’ or samma sambodhi). This model has
reported that the human organizes meaningful behaviors by physical and
psychosocial components in leisure and non-leisure activities. The human has
goal-directed consciousness through leisure experiences in various forms of sensation
and perception (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993) which I would name as multi-sensory
leisure. This consciousness could be qualitatively expressed into six components of
spiritual behaviors: becoming, meaning, being, centeredness, connectedness, and
transcendence (Kang, 2003). However, those PSI components may explain
the psychospirituality of multi-sensory leisure for people experiencing
self-management of FSCC.
Therefore, this study aimed to understand fatigue and psychospirituality of
multi-sensory leisure by using a single-subject design over 5-week course, 2 hours
per session -1 session a week (modified fatigue management course which is
originated by Packer, Brink, Sauriol, 1995 and its previous studies). The course
contents include fatigue in daily lives, banking energy, body communication, activity
schedule, and balancing activity domains combined with client’s feedback.
The researcher made a small group discussion with three volunteers: a client with
cancer (A), a client with rheumatoid arthritis (B), and a client preferred Buddhist and
spiritual health (C). The fatigue impact scale or FIS (Fisk, Ritvo, Ross,
Haase, Marrie, Schlech, 1994) was used in order to differentiate the participants’
fatigue experiences. The perceptions of multi-sensory leisure and a rating scale of
self-efficacy (an indicator of psychospirituality scored from 1 to 10) were
qualitatively interviewed among three volunteers with and without FSCC. Content
analysis was conducted using the PSI model (Kang, 2003) as the occupational
therapy perspective and the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism (Rahula, 1997; Ekman,
Davidson, Ricard, Wallace, 2005).
Description
The 7th International Buddhist Conference on the United Nation Day of Visak Celebrations. , Thailand. 23 - 35 May 2010. page 692-98