Effects of Contemporary Dance Training on Executive Function and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in School-Aged Children With Obesity

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased globally, posing a significant public health concern owing to its impact on chronic illnesses, warranting effective mitigation strategies. Studies highlight a negative correlation between a higher body mass index and both executive function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This study aimed to assess the effects of a contemporary dance program on executive function, BDNF levels, and cardiovascular fitness in children with obesity. Methods: Overall, 35 children with obesity aged 9–12 years were randomly divided into a dance (n = 17) or control (n = 18) group. Each participant underwent 60-minute moderate-intensity training sessions 3 times weekly for 10 weeks. Before and after training, 3-mL blood samples were collected to measure BDNF levels, and peak oxygen consumption evaluations were conducted. Furthermore, executive function was assessed using the digit span test to evaluate working memory and gauge cognitive changes. Results: BDNF levels positively correlated with VO<inf>2</inf>peak (r = .356). Contemporary dance training significantly elevated BDNF levels (P = .005) and VO<inf>2</inf>peak in the dance group compared with those in the control group (P = .004). The program markedly improved working memory, as evidenced by enhanced test scores (P = .022). Conclusions: This study highlighted the potential benefits of dance programs for children with obesity, emphasizing improved BDNF levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and working memory. Although evidence supports the cognitive and physical benefits of dancing, further research is warranted to optimize protocols and evaluate how dancing compares with other physical activity types regarding enhancing cognitive function.