Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seafood from Thailand: Levels, geographic distribution, and risk from dietary exposure
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Issued Date
2025-11-01
Resource Type
ISSN
01676369
eISSN
15732959
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105019683126
Journal Title
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume
197
Issue
11
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol.197 No.11 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Lertassavakorn T., Pholphana N., Rangkadilok N., Suriyo T., Thaeopattha S., Teeyapant P., Satayavivad J. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seafood from Thailand: Levels, geographic distribution, and risk from dietary exposure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol.197 No.11 (2025). doi:10.1007/s10661-025-14715-x Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/112872
Title
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seafood from Thailand: Levels, geographic distribution, and risk from dietary exposure
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
This study investigated the contamination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), its isomers, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seafood from Thailand to assess public health risks. A total of 144 samples from eight marine species were collected from three provinces—Rayong, Samut Sakhon, and Bangkok—between 2022 and 2023. Samples were analysed using a validated ultra–high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) technique. PFOS and PFOA were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from < 24 to 623 ng/kg wet weight (ww) and < 48 to 419 ng/kg ww, respectively. PFOS was detected at a higher concentration than PFOA, and both compounds were found predominantly in cockles. Geographically, seafood from Rayong province revealed higher PFOS contamination, likely due to industrial activities. Linear PFOS was the most prevalent isomer, accounting for 84% of the total PFOS. The maximum levels of PFOS and PFOA in fish and molluscs complied with the European Union limits, and the estimated PFOS exposure assessment from seafood consumption was below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guideline. However, for children (3–12.9 years) in the high-seafood-consuming group, the estimated exposure was two-fold higher than the guideline of 4.4 ng/kg body weight/week. These findings highlight the need for continued PFAS monitoring and for implementing strategies to mitigate risks for vulnerable populations.