Hydrogel-coated vancomycin-loaded titania implants: promising solutions for bone tissue engineering in a rabbit model

Abstract

Vancomycin-loaded titania nanotubes (V-TNTs) are emerging as a promising candidate for tissue regeneration, particularly when coated with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin hydrogel films, which enhances controlled drug release and promotes osteogenesis. This innovative combination makes V-TNTs a valuable material for biomedical implants within regenerative medicine. Despite their potential, the efficacy and safety of these biomaterials have not been fully explored in animal models. In this study, we evaluated the safety and bone regeneration capacity of uncoated TNTs and hydrogel-coated V-TNTs using a rabbit model. Both types of TNTs were implanted in the patellofemoral groove of the femoral bone for 12 weeks. Hematological and biochemical analyses confirmed the systemic safety of hydrogel-coated V-TNTs, while histological assessments of the implant site indicated localized inflammation. Crucially, there were no signs of systemic toxicity or adverse effects on vital organs. Additionally, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis showed a significant increase in bone mineral density with uncoated TNTs and hydrogel-coated V-TNTs. These results underscore the potential of TNT-based implants as a viable strategy for bone tissue engineering, offering enhanced biocompatibility and infection prevention and positioning them as a competitive biomaterial for orthopedic applications in regenerative medicine.