Constraining the Cosmic-Ray Energy Based on Observations of Nearby Galaxy Clusters by LHAASO

Issued Date

2025-03-20

Resource Type

Article

ISSN

20418205

eISSN

20418213

DOI

10.3847/2041-8213/adb97d

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-105000225954

Journal Title

Astrophysical Journal Letters

Volume

982

Issue

1

Rights Holder(s)

SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

Astrophysical Journal Letters Vol.982 No.1 (2025)

Suggested Citation

Cao Z., Aharonian F., Bai Y.X., Bao Y.W., Bastieri D., Bi X.J., Bi Y.J., Bian W., Bukevich A.V., Cai C.M., Cao W.Y., Cao Z., Chang J., Chang J.F., Chen A.M., Chen E.S., Chen H.X., Chen L., Chen L., Chen M.J., Chen M.L., Chen Q.H., Chen S., Chen S.H., Chen S.Z., Chen T.L., Chen X.B., Chen X.J., Chen Y., Cheng N., Cheng Y.D., Chu M.C., Cui M.Y., Cui S.W., Cui X.H., Cui Y.D., Dai B.Z., Dai H.L., Dai Z.G., Danzengluobu, Diao Y.X., Dong X.Q., Duan K.K., Fan J.H., Fan Y.Z., Fang J., Fang J.H., Fang K., Feng C.F., Feng H., Feng L., Feng S.H., Feng X.T., Feng Y., Feng Y.L., Gabici S., Gao B., Gao C.D., Gao Q., Gao W., Gao W.K., Ge M.M., Ge T.T., Geng L.S., Giacinti G., Gong G.H., Gou Q.B., Gu M.H., Guo F.L., Guo J., Guo X.L., Guo Y.Q., Guo Y.Y., Han Y.A., Hannuksela O.A., Hasan M., He H.H., He H.N., He J.Y., He X.Y., He Y., Hernández-Cadena S., Hor Y.K., Hou B.W., Hou C., Hou X., Hu H.B., Hu S.C., Huang C., Huang D.H., Huang J.J., Huang T.Q., Huang W.J., Huang X.T., Huang X.Y., Huang Y., Huang Y.Y., Ji X.L., Jia H.Y., Jia K. Constraining the Cosmic-Ray Energy Based on Observations of Nearby Galaxy Clusters by LHAASO. Astrophysical Journal Letters Vol.982 No.1 (2025). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adb97d Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/108488

Title

Constraining the Cosmic-Ray Energy Based on Observations of Nearby Galaxy Clusters by LHAASO

Author(s)

Cao Z.
 Aharonian F.
 Bai Y.X.
 Bao Y.W.
 Bastieri D.
 Bi X.J.
 Bi Y.J.
 Bian W.
 Bukevich A.V.
 Cai C.M.
 Cao W.Y.
 Cao Z.
 Chang J.
 Chang J.F.
 Chen A.M.
 Chen E.S.
 Chen H.X.
 Chen L.
 Chen L.
 Chen M.J.
 Chen M.L.
 Chen Q.H.
 Chen S.
 Chen S.H.
 Chen S.Z.
 Chen T.L.
 Chen X.B.
 Chen X.J.
 Chen Y.
 Cheng N.
 Cheng Y.D.
 Chu M.C.
 Cui M.Y.
 Cui S.W.
 Cui X.H.
 Cui Y.D.
 Dai B.Z.
 Dai H.L.
 Dai Z.G.
 Danzengluobu
 Diao Y.X.
 Dong X.Q.
 Duan K.K.
 Fan J.H.
 Fan Y.Z.
 Fang J.
 Fang J.H.
 Fang K.
 Feng C.F.
 Feng H.
 Feng L.
 Feng S.H.
 Feng X.T.
 Feng Y.
 Feng Y.L.
 Gabici S.
 Gao B.
 Gao C.D.
 Gao Q.
 Gao W.
 Gao W.K.
 Ge M.M.
 Ge T.T.
 Geng L.S.
 Giacinti G.
 Gong G.H.
 Gou Q.B.
 Gu M.H.
 Guo F.L.
 Guo J.
 Guo X.L.
 Guo Y.Q.
 Guo Y.Y.
 Han Y.A.
 Hannuksela O.A.
 Hasan M.
 He H.H.
 He H.N.
 He J.Y.
 He X.Y.
 He Y.
 Hernández-Cadena S.
 Hor Y.K.
 Hou B.W.
 Hou C.
 Hou X.
 Hu H.B.
 Hu S.C.
 Huang C.
 Huang D.H.
 Huang J.J.
 Huang T.Q.
 Huang W.J.
 Huang X.T.
 Huang X.Y.
 Huang Y.
 Huang Y.Y.
 Ji X.L.
 Jia H.Y.
 Jia K.

Author's Affiliation

Zhejiang Lab
 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics
 Université Paris Cité
 Yunnan Observatories
 Yerevan State University
 Nanjing University
 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
 Shandong University
 Yunnan University
 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Guangzhou University
 Tsinghua University
 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
 Sun Yat-Sen University
 University of Science and Technology of China
 Zhengzhou University
 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
 Southwest Jiaotong University
 China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Chinese University of Hong Kong
 Hebei Normal University
 Tibet University
 TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center

Corresponding Author(s)

Cao Z.

Other Contributor(s)

Mahidol University

Abstract

Galaxy clusters act as reservoirs of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs). As CRs propagate through the intracluster medium, they generate diffuse γ-rays detectable by arrays such as LHAASO. These γ-rays result from proton-proton (pp) collisions of very high-energy cosmic rays or inverse Compton (IC) scattering of positron-electron pairs created by pγ interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We analyzed diffuse γ-ray emission from the Coma, Perseus, and Virgo clusters using LHAASO data. Diffuse emission was modeled as a disk of radius R500 for each cluster while accounting for point sources. No significant diffuse emission was detected, yielding 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the γ-ray flux: for WCDA (1-25 TeV) and KM2A (>25 TeV), less than (49.4, 13.7, 54.0) and (1.34, 1.14, 0.40) × 10−14 ph cm−2 s−1 for Coma, Perseus, and Virgo, respectively. The γ-ray upper limits can be used to derive model-independent constraints on the integral energy of cosmic ray protons above 10 TeV (corresponding to the LHAASO observational range >1 TeV under the pp scenario) to be less than (1.96, 0.59, 0.08) × 1061 erg. The absence of detectable annuli/ring-like structures, indicative of cluster accretion or merging shocks, imposes further constraints on models in which the UHECRs are accelerated in the merging shocks of galaxy clusters.

Keyword(s)

Earth and Planetary Sciences
 Physics and Astronomy

Availability

URI

https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/108488

Collections

Scopus 2025