Families' experiences with adolescents and young adults exhibiting non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI): a qualitative study in Thailand

Abstract

Purpose: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is often associated with emotional distress, depression, and anxiety, is a significant mental health issue among adolescents and young adults. Research on the role of family in addressing NSSI in Thailand is limited. This qualitative study examined familial perspectives on NSSI to identify systemic and relational factors influencing this behavior. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at a hospital in Bangkok, with 20 parents of adolescents and young adults aged 10−24 years who had engaged in NSSI within the past three years. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the responses. Results: Five key themes were extracted: (1) NSSI as a trigger for changing relationships between family and patients, often rooted in emotional neglect and high expectations; (2) negative impacts on families and strategies for adjustment and solutions; (3) school’s response to NSSI, from support to stigmatization; (4) other perspectives about NSSI characterized by both encouragement and stigma; and (5) mental health professionals’ assistance in providing psychoeducation and fostering communication to help families manage NSSI. Conclusion: This study underscores the significant impact of NSSI on families and emphasizes the need for collaborative approaches involving families, schools, and communities to support the mental health of affected adolescents and young adults.