Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022)
Issued Date
2026-01-03
Resource Type
eISSN
20452322
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105028778313
Pubmed ID
41484240
Journal Title
Scientific Reports
Volume
16
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Scientific Reports Vol.16 No.1 (2026) , 3408
Suggested Citation
Poolchanuan P., Tiacharoen V., Dulsuk A., Phunpang R., Runcharoen C., Boonprakob T., Hemtong O., Chowplijit S., Chuapaknam V., Siripoon T., Piyaphanee W., Tan L.V., Dunachie S., Tan C.W., Wang L.F., Chantratita W., Luvira V., Chantratita N. Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022). Scientific Reports Vol.16 No.1 (2026) , 3408. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-33388-7 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/114752
Title
Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022)
Author's Affiliation
NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Duke-NUS Medical School
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok
Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
Vichaivej International Hospital
Prachatipat Hospital
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Duke-NUS Medical School
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok
Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
Vichaivej International Hospital
Prachatipat Hospital
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immune responses poses challenges to effective prevention. We prospectively enrolled 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022), who received homologous or heterologous vaccines or were unvaccinated. Plasma neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels against SARS-CoV-1 and 13 SARS-CoV-2 strains were measured using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay within a year. nAb levels increased in two weeks, showing strong inhibition against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and non-omicron variants, but not against SAR-CoV-1 and lower responses to omicron variants. nAb levels declined by the day 60. Breakthrough patients with heterologous vaccines had higher nAb levels compared to other groups. nAb levels were lower in breakthrough patients with pneumonia than those with other conditions. Notably, breakthrough patients aged ≥60 showed rapid declines in antibody levels. Our findings highlight diverse immune responses influenced by immunization, age, and clinical conditions, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies against evolving variants.